Uropeltis
TaxonUropeltis
AuthorityCuvier, 1829
Synonyms
Common names: shield-tail snakes, shield-tailed snakes, earth snakes.

Uropeltis is a genus of nonvenomous shield-tail snakes endemic to Peninsular India. As of 2022, 26 species are recognized as being valid.[2]

Geographic range

Most Uropeltis species are found in the hills of Peninsular India, mainly in the southwestern parts of the country, including the Western Ghats and, to some extent, also in the Eastern Ghats and in the hills of Central India.[1]

Description

Species in the genus Uropeltis share the following characters. The eye is in the ocular shield. There are no supraoculars nor temporals. There is no mental groove. The tail is conical or obliquely truncated, terminating in a small scute, the end of which is square, or bicuspid with the points side by side.[3]

Species

Species[2][4]Taxon author[2][4]Common nameGeographic range[1][4]
U. arcticeps(Günther, 1875)Tinevelly shield-tail snakethe Tirunelveli Hills
U. beddomii(Günther, 1862)Beddome's shield-tail snakethe Anaimalai Hills
U. bhupathyiJins, Sampaio & Gower, 2018Bhupathy's shield-tail snakeTamil Nadu
U. bicatenata(Günther, 1875)two-chained shield-tail snakethe Pune Hills
U. broughami(Beddome, 1878)Brougham's shield-tail snakethe Palni Hills
U. ceylanicaTCuvier, 1829Cuvier's shield-tail snakethe Western Ghats south of Goa
U. dindigalensis(Beddome, 1877)Dindigul shield-tail snakethe Sirumalai Hills
U. ellioti(Gray, 1858)Elliot's shield-tail snakethe hills of Peninsular India
U. grandis(Beddome, 1867)Smith's earth snakethe Anaimalai Hills
U. jerdoniGanesh, Punith, Adhikari & Achyuthan, 2021Jerdon’s shield-tail snakeIndia (Karnataka)
U. liura(Günther, 1875)Günther's shield-tail snakethe southern Western Ghats
U. macrolepis(W. Peters, 1862)Bombay shield-tail snakethe northern Western Ghats
U. macrorhyncha(Beddome, 1877)Ponachi shield-tail snakethe Anaimalai Hills
U. maculata(Beddome, 1878)spotted shield-tail snakethe Anaimalai Hills
U. madurensis(Beddome, 1878)Madura earth snakeMeghamalai
U. myhendrae(Beddome, 1886)barred shield-tail snakethe Agasthyamalai Hills
U. nitida(Beddome, 1878)Cochin shield-tail snakethe Anaimalai Hills and Nelliyampathi
U. ocellata(Beddome, 1863)Nilgiri shield-tail snakethe Western Ghats south of Nilgiris
U. petersi(Beddome, 1878)Peters' shield-tail snakethe Anaimalai Hills
U. phipsonii(Mason, 1888)Phipson's shield-tail snakethe northern Western Ghats
U. pulneyensis(Beddome, 1863)Palni shield-tail snakethe southern Western Ghats
U. rajendraniGanesh & Achyuthan, 2020Rajendran's shield-tail snakethe southern Eastern Ghats
U. rubrolineata(Günther, 1875)red-lined shield-tail snakethe southern Western Ghats
U. rubromaculata(Beddome, 1867)red-spotted shield-tail snakethe Anaimalai Hills
U. shorttii(Beddome, 1863)Shevaroy Hills earth snakeYercaud
U. woodmasoni(W. Theobald, 1876)Palni shield-tail snake, black-bellied shield tail snakethe Palni Hills

T Type species.[1]

Nota bene: A taxon author in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Uropeltis.

References

  1. ^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. ^
  3. ^ Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Uropeltidæ .... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Genus Silybura, p. 144).
  4. ^ www.reptile-database.org.

Further reading

  • Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (Genus Silybura, p. 257, Figure 81).
  • Cuvier [G] (1829). Le Régne Animal Distribué, d'après son Organisation, pour servir de base à l'Histoire naturelle des Animaux et d'introduction à l'Anatomie Comparé. Nouvelle Edition, Revue et Augmentée [second edition]. Tome II [Volume 2]. Les Reptiles. Paris: Déterville. xv + 406 pp. (Uropeltis, new genus, pp. 76–77). (in French).
  • Das I (2002). A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. ISBN 0-88359-056-5. (Genus Uropeltis, pp. 59–60).
  • Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (Genus Uropeltis, p. 73).
  • Wall F (1921). Ophidia Taprobanica or the Snakes of Ceylon. Colombo, Ceylon [Sri Lanka]: Colombo Museum. (H.R. Cottle, Government Printer). xxii + 581 pp. (Genus Uropeltis, pp. 23–25, Figures 7-9).
  • Ganesh SR (2015). Shieldtail snakes (Reptilia: Uropeltidae)– the Darwin's finches of south Indian snake fauna? Manual on Identification and Preparation of Keys of Snakes with Special Reference to their Venomous Nature in India., Govt. Arts College, Ooty, 13-24.
  • Pyron RA, Ganesh SR, Sayyed A, Sharma V, Wallach V, Somaweera R (2016). "A catalogue and systematic overview of the shield-tailed snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)". Zoosystema 38 (4): 453–506.
  • Rajendran MV (1985). "Studies on Uropeltid Snakes". Madurai: Publication Division, Madurai Kamaraj University. 132 pp.
  • Sharma RC (2003). Handbook: Indian Snakes. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India. 292 pp. ISBN 978-818 171 1694.
  • Whitaker R, Captain A (2008). Snakes of India: The Field Guide. Chennai: Draco Books. 495 pp. ISBN 978-8190187305.