This article is about the Buenavista–Cuautitlán line in Greater Mexico City. For the Buenavista–AIFA line, see Tren Felipe Ángeles. For the Monterrey project, see Tren Suburbano de Monterrey.
Not to be confused with Tren Urbano.
Tren Suburbano
Caption 2Tlalnepantla Station
LocaleMexico City and State of Mexico, Mexico
HeadquartersMexico City
Began operationJune 2, 2008[1]
Lines1
Stations7
Ridership200,000 (2018)[2]
WebsiteFerrocarriles Suburbanos
OperatorFerrocarriles Suburbanos, S.A. de C.V.
MarksS
System length27 km (16.78 mi)[3]
El25 kV 60 Hz AC overhead lines[4]

The Tren Suburbano ()[a] is an electric suburban rail system in Mexico City. Line 1 is operated by Ferrocarriles Suburbanos with concessioned trains from Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF). It was designed to complement the extensive Mexico City metro system, Latin America's largest and busiest urban rail network. The railway has one operative line with a length of 27 km (17 mi) with seven stations, located in Cuauhtémoc and Azcapotzalco in Mexico City, and Tlalnepantla, Tultitlán and Cuautitlán, in the State of Mexico.

A second line opened in April 2026 to connect with the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) in Zumpango. Originally intended to be operated by Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, in 2025, the concession was waived to the Secretariat of National Defense.[5] In April 2026, the government of Mexico announced the intention to purchase the concession of the Tren Suburbano consession from CAF.[6]

Additional expansions were proposed in the 2000s with a total length of 242 kilometres (150 mi) of rail system.[7]

History

Background

Mexico–Querétaro electric railway

Main article: Mexico City-Querétaro electric passenger train

In 1978, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation proposed the construction of the first Mexican double-track electric railway powered by overhead catenary. Based on a study prepared by the government agency, the Mexico City-Querétaro route was determined to be the most viable for electrification due to its high passenger and freight traffic, topography almost lacking gradients, and strategic location in the centre of the country.[8]

In 1979, as part of the construction works, the Mexican government included Japanese, British and French participation in the project. The locomotives used were designed and assembled by the company General Electric in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes between 1980 and 1982.[8] The locomotive model was designated General Electric E60-C2.[9]

By 1983, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation decided to suspend the project due to changes in route alignments and operating policies. In 1986, electrification resumed only with the participation of technical staff from the Secretariat, National Railways of Mexico, and the French company Societe Francais d'Etudes et de Realisations Ferroviaires (Sofrerail), today SYSTRA S.A.[8]

In 1996, Ernesto Zedillo, President of Mexico from 1994 to 2000, removed the parastatal company National Railways of Mexico from state control, and passenger transport operations throughout the country were terminated. In the years following privatization, three passenger routes were created for tourism purposes: the Chihuahua-Pacific Railway (Chepe),[10] the Tequila Express,[11] and the Expreso Maya (without commercial operations since 25 June 2007).[12][13]

A new project: the suburban railway

In 1997, the federal government proposed the creation of a commuter rail line on the right-of-way of the former railway to Cuernavaca. This route would be 24 kilometres long between Avenida Ejército Nacional and the Pedregal de San Nicolás neighbourhood, would connect with four lines of the Mexico City Metro, and would transport 42,000 passengers daily.[14]

In 1999, Óscar Santiago Corzo Cruz, director of the General Directorate of Tariffs, Railway and Multimodal Transport of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation, raised the possibility of building a network of commuter rail lines on the 242 kilometres of rail network in the Valley of Mexico[15]. The network would consist of three trunk systems: from the former Buenavista railway station in Mexico City to the municipality of Cuautitlán in the State of Mexico; from Ecatepec to Naucalpan, both in the State of Mexico; and from La Paz to the Bosque de San Juan de Aragón in Mexico City. The last two itineraries would pass through Buenavista station. Each trunk system would include branches to meet demand in neighbouring municipalities: Nextlalpan, Tecamac, San Juan Teotihuacán, Texcoco, and Chalco.[16]

Corzo Cruz noted that the elevated train or Ecotren project would require the expropriation of land and the creation of new rights-of-way. The commuter rail project would not require these measures, since it would use right-of-way owned by the federal government. In addition, the suburban railway would be aimed at lower-income sectors of the population. In its first stage it would serve 465,000 passengers along 27 kilometres between Buenavista station and Cuautitlán.[16]

When Vicente Fox became President of Mexico, in 2000, authorities of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation again proposed creating a network of commuter rail lines to meet the urban transport demand of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico.[17]

In June 2001, Víctor Félix Flores Morales, general secretary of the Mexican Railway Workers Union, informed the media that the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation was conducting feasibility studies for the construction of a suburban railway in the northern zone of the Federal District. He stated that the railway would help speed up passenger transport in the area and would represent an alternative route to the Mexico City Metro. One of the terminals would be located at the former Buenavista railway terminal and the system would operate with 15 trains.[18]

After a series of discussions and agreements between the federal government and the local governments of the Federal District and the State of Mexico,[19] it was decided to build the first suburban railway system largely based on the radial trains project proposed in 1998.[20]

On 11 June 2003, at the former Buenavista railway station, President Fox attended the signing of the cooperation agreement between Pedro Cerisola y Weber, secretary of Communications and Transportation (2000–2006); Andrés Manuel López Obrador, Head of Government of the Federal District (2000–2005); and Arturo Montiel Rojas, governor of the State of Mexico (1999–2005), for the construction of the Suburban Railway Project of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico.[21][22]

On 11 December 2003, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation published the tender for the construction of System 1 of the Buenavista–Cuautitlán Suburban Railway. The companies that entered the tender process were: Bombardier Transportation; Ferrosur, SA de CV; Alstom Transporte, SA de CV; Construcciones y Auxiliares de Ferrocarriles, SA; Grupo México, SA de CV; Elecnor, SA; Inversiones en Autotransportes Mexicanos, SA de CV; Siemens, SA de CV and Mitsui de México, S de RL de CV.[23][24][25]

Some companies formed alliances before 15 July 2004 (the deadline indicated in the tender). From these alliances, the following consortia emerged:

  • Consortium Alstom, made up of: Alstom Transporte, SA de CV (1.5%); Alstom Transport, SA (France) (11.0%); ICA-COI, SA de CV (Mexico) (12.5%); Grupo Hermes, SA de CV (Mexico) (50%); and Inverse, SA de CV (Mexico) (25.0%). System operators: RATP and/or Roggio.[23]
  • Consortium CAF, made up of: Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, SA (Spain) (50.0%); Inversiones en Concesiones Ferroviarias, SA (Spain) (30%); Estrella Blanca, SA de CV (Mexico) (20%). System operator: Adif and/or Renfe.[23]

The remaining companies withdrew their bids and, as a result, the CAF and Alstom consortia became the only finalists. On 28 June 2005, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation announced the disqualification of the CAF consortium. The Secretariat argued that there were a series of technical uncertainties in the project presented by the Spanish consortium; moreover, the proposal had not been developed on the basis of the tender requirements. As a result, the Alstom consortium became the virtual winner of the tender. Luis Giralt, representative of CAF, challenged the disqualification, and on 4 July 2005 the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation decided to declare the tender void. The arguments for declaring the tender void were not specific. Only a technical fault (without details) in the Alstom proposal was mentioned.[26]

On 12 July 2005, in the Official Gazette of the Federation, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation published the new tender rules. Only the Alstom and CAF consortia responded. In this new bidding round, the Estrella Blanca group decided to leave the Spanish consortium. The Alstom consortium remained unchanged.[23][27]

Given the irregularities presented in the first tender result, deputies from the Party of the Democratic Revolution demanded that the federal government make the suburban railway tender process transparent.[28]

On 24 August 2005, the consortium Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, S.A. (CAF) won a 30-year concession to supply materials, including rolling stock, build and operate System 1 of the Tren Suburbano.[29] The trains used on this service are electric trains built by CAF and are similar to the series 2000 trains of the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos of São Paulo, Brazil.[30] CAF's economic proposal proved to be the lowest, charging, for long journeys, MXN $9.49 + VAT + inflation index and MXN $4.14 + VAT + inflation index for short journeys. Operation of System 1 would be handled by its subsidiary Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV, and it would have 34 months to build the system.[20][27][31]

After the long and controversial tender process for System 1, on 26 November 2007, Mexican journalist Jacobo Zabludovsky, in his column Bucareli in the newspaper El Universal, revealed the alleged intervention of King Juan Carlos of Spain and José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero in favor of the Spanish construction group.[32] Despite this, no denial was issued by the parties involved.[33]

With the suburban railway's inauguration approaching, authorities of the Federal District expressed dissatisfaction over delays in various complementary works (road and pedestrian bridges) and infrastructure to connect some suburban stations with other mass transport systems in Mexico City (Metrobús and the Mexico City Metro). The Secretariat of Communications and Transportation committed to deliver MXN$ 290 million to the Government of the Federal District, through an agreement signed on 2 May 2008, to carry out the corresponding mitigation works and acquire 12 buses for the Metrobús.[34]

In December 2006, SCT announced that approval had been given for a route extending 19.3 kilometres (12.0 mi) from Jardines de Morelos to Martín Carrera; and another route running 12.8 km (8.0 mi) from Chalco to La Paz.[15][35][36][37] Neither line was ever built.

The project aimed to reactivate the former railway system and improve the social well-being of residents of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico through time savings in transport, reduction of traffic congestion, environmental pollution and excessive energy consumption. It also proposed to use the 242 kilometres of existing track in the area distributed among three trunk systems and lower-density lines, with potential grade separations similar to the ones done on the initial segment. The proposed trunk systems were Buenavista-Cuautitlán-Huehuetoca, Ecatepec-Naucalpan, and San Juan de Aragón-Los Reyes. The Secretariat of Communications and Transportation contracted the National Bank of Public Works and Services (BANOBRAS) as financial agent in order to structure financing, organise tenders, conduct feasibility studies, and develop the railway system. The financing structure designed allowed the participation of private capital.[17]

Line 1 covers a route measuring 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Mexico City's Buenavista Station to the State of Mexico's Cuautitlán. The section, which began commercial service on June 2, 2008 (after three weeks of fare-free trial operation),[1] cost US$706 million to build, with the Mexican Federal Government contributing 55% of this investment. The inaugural demonstration trip of the service from Buenavista to Lechería Station and back again was made by then-President of Mexico, Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, and then-Governor of the State of Mexico (and eventual president of the country), Enrique Peña Nieto, with Calderón acting as the train's engineer.

Line 1 was built on an existing at-grade railroad right of way. However, inside Mexico City itself on the approach to Buenavista Station, a considerable amount of grade separation, including below-grade excavation and new bridges, was necessary due to high density and traffic congestion. The construction elicited complaints by Mexico City residents who objected to having their neighborhoods split by the rail line, but the public supported the project overall.

In addition to the track, the construction of Tren Suburbano also benefited from like-new electrification infrastructure already in place along most of the route, part of National Railways of Mexico (NdeM)'s Mexico City-Querétaro 25 kV 60 Hz mainline electrification completed in the 1990s but de-energized a few years later after NdeM was privatized.

Corporate identity

The iconography and graphic system of System 1 were developed by Alejandro Sarabia Parra, a graduate of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, after winning first place in the Una vía para diseñar competition.[38][39]

Rolling stock

The rolling stock consists of trains known as EMU Cuautitlán-Buenavista, derived from the Renfe Class 447, with a track gauge of 1.435 m. The trains have a pantograph on the roof to receive the voltage of 25 kvolt AC supplied by means of a catenary.[40][41]

There are three types of cars in the suburban railway: driving motor car with cab (M), motor car without cab (N) and trailer car (R). They can be coupled to form 3- and 4-car trains, MRM and MRNM, respectively. In turn, trains can be coupled together up to a maximum of three units, whether MRM or MRNM, in any combination.[41]

Some significant characteristics of the trains are shown in the following table:[40][41]

EMU Cuautitlán-Buenavista
Car typeMNR
Length (m)25,90025,48525,485
Width (m)3,009
Floor height (m)1,150
Maximum speed (km/h)130
Service speed (km/h)65
Empty weight (kg)47 70046 90046 500
Maximum capacity (seated passengers)546161
Maximum capacity (standing passengers)271293364

Service

Ridership

Line 1 was projected to carry 100 million passengers annually.[42] From the period of June 1, 2008 through July 7, 2008, the service carried one million passengers, or an average of approximately 30,000 passengers per day, which is a rate far below the annual projections.[43] As of January 31, 2010 according to the head of Comercialización y Administración de Riesgos del Ferrocarril Suburbano stated that Line 1 of the Suburban Railway of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area served an average of 88,000 passengers per day.[44] As of the end of 2012, ridership reached 132,000 per day, short of the 192,000 per day the private operator needed to stay solvent due to the high initial upfront cost and debt schedule. In 2012, the system ran an operational profit, but the profit was not high enough to cover accumulated debt repayment yet.[45] Ridership had increased to 184,000 per day as of 2015.[46] As of 2018, the Tren Suburbano had an average of 200,000 passengers per day.[2] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, ridership decreased 73% as of May 2020.[47]

Trains are scheduled every 6 minutes during peak hours.[48]

Fare structure

As of 2024,[49] the fares are 10.50 pesos (approximately US$0.57) for a trip of three or fewer stations and 24.50 pesos (approximately US$1.32) for longer trips of four or more stations. Fares are paid using a rechargeable card that costs 15.00 pesos.[50]

Stations

Key to connections[b]
CETRAM / ETRAMMetroPesero (public bus)
EcobiciMetrobúsRTP bus
Mexibús
No.Station[c]Date openedLevelDistance (km)ConnectionsLocation
Between
stations		Total
01Buenavista2 June 2008Grade level,
overground access		-0.0
CuauhtémocMexico City
02FortunaGrade level,
overground and
underground access		5.255.25
Azcapotzalco
03TlalnepantlaGrade level,
overground access		5.1210.37Tren Felipe ÁngelesTlalnepantlaState of Mexico
04San Rafael3.4513.82Tren Felipe Ángeles
05Lechería4.2218.04
Tultitlán
06Tultitlán5 January 20094.0622.10
07Cuautitlán3.9126.01Cuautitlán

Connection with other public transport systems

Some suburban railway stations connect with other public transport systems:

Each station has a Centro de transferencia modal (CETRAM) where users can board various passenger bus routes.

At Fortuna and Buenavista stations there is a connection with lines 6 and B of the Mexico City Metro, respectively. To board the metro it is necessary to buy a paper ticket or a smart card specific to that system.

At Lechería station there is a connection with line 2 of the Mexibus at the station of the same name. To use this transport it is necessary to purchase the system's own card.

Lines 1, 3 and 4 of the Metrobús service connect at Buenavista station. To access this service it is necessary to purchase a smart card called the Movilidad Integrada electronic card, which also allows entry to the Metro, RTP and Cablebús of Mexico City.[51]

Future

Main article: Tren Interurbano

A second line was opened to connect with the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) in Zumpango. Originally intended to be operated by Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, in 2025, the concession was waived to the Secretariat of National Defense.[52] In April 2026, the government of Mexico announced the intention to purchase the concession of the Tren Suburbano from CAF.[53][54]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Official name: Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (Suburban Railway of the Valley of Mexico Metropolitan Area).
  2. ^ The following list was adapted from different websites and official maps. *Metro () connections obtained from the official Mexico City Metro system map.[55] *Centro de transferencia modal (CETRAM; ) obtained from the official website of the Órgano Regulador de Transporte.[56] *Ecobici () obtained from their official website.[57] *Metrobús () obtained from the Mexico City Metrobús system map.[58] *Mexibús () obtained from the official Mexico City Metro system map.[55] *Public buses network (peseros) () obtained from the official website of the Órgano Regulador de Transporte.[59] *Red de Transporte de Pasajeros ( obtained from their official website.[60]
  3. ^ All the stations are fully accessible to people with disabilities.

References

  1. ^ "Alcanza Tren Suburbano 200 mil usuarios diarios". Railway Gazette International. December 6, 2018. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  2. ^ Juárez, Pilar (December 7, 2018). "Tren Suburbano alcanza viabilidad financiera" (in Spanish). Milenio. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  3. ^ "Suburbano La vía rápida al bienestar" [Suburban the fast way to well-being] (in Spanish). Ferrocarriles Suburbanos [Suburban Railways]. Retrieved 2015-02-21.
  4. ^ "Espacio del Viajero: Conoce los Trenes" (in Spanish). Mexico City: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos. Retrieved 2011-05-24. Alimentación (Vcc. catenaria): 25000, 60 Hz
  5. ^ Munguía, Aldo (18 March 2025). "'Se baja' concesionario del Tren AIFA: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos declina y el Ejército se hará cargo" (in Spanish). El Financiero. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
  6. ^ De la Rosa, Alejandro (7 January 2026). "Gobierno federal va por concesión del Tren Suburbano en el 2026" (in Spanish). El Economista. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  7. ^ "Dirección General de Transporte Ferroviario y Multimodal: Caracteristicas". Archived from the original on 2009-08-04. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
  8. ^ Delgado, Javier & Ramírez Velázquez, Blanca Rebeca (1998). Ciudad-región y transporte en el México Central: Un largo camino de rupturas y continuidades (Colección Ciudad y Región) [City-Region and Transport in Central Mexico: A Long Road of Breaks and Continuities] (in Spanish). México: Plaza y Valdés Editores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. pp. 142–143. ISBN 968-856-563-6.
  9. ^ Geissenheimer, Harold (9 March 2002). "Rail Commentary Transnet #97" [Rail Commentary Transnet #97]. Alexandria, VA, United States: Free Congress Foundation (the new electric railway journal). Archived 12 August 2004 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
  10. ^ Ferrocarril Chihuahua-Pacífico (2011). "Chepe: Presentación" [Chepe: Presentation] (in Spanish). Chihuahua, México: Ferrocarril Mexicano SA de CV. Archived 20 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  11. ^ Tequila Express (2007). "Historia del tequila express "La leyenda"" [History of the Tequila Express "The Legend"] (in Spanish). Jalisco, México: Cámara Nacional de Comercio, Servicios y Turismo de Guadalajara. Archived 5 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  12. ^ Expreso Maya (2007). "¿Quién es Expreso Maya?" [Who is Expreso Maya?] (in Spanish). Yucatán, México: Expreso Maya. Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  13. ^ Railway Gazette International (2007). "Central America going nowhere" [Central America going nowhere]. London, UK: DVV Media UK. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  14. ^ Majoral Moliné, Roser (2007). "Planeación del transporte a gestión fragmentada de la movilidad en la Ciudad de México?" [From transport planning to fragmented management of mobility in Mexico City?]. Territorios y sociedades: diferentes dimensiones de análisis (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain: Edicions Universitat Barcelona. p. 99. ISBN 8447530973.
  15. ^ Correo | Economía | Funcionaría en 2007 tren suburbano
  16. ^ Erika Hernández (16 March 1999). "Proponen ferrocarril suburbano: aprovecharán vías para transporte masivo" [They propose a suburban railway: tracks will be used for mass transport]. Reforma.
  17. ^ Del Toro Flores, Ricardo (4 December 2006). "Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México" [Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico] (in Spanish). Federal District, México: Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Públicos. Archived 5 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  18. ^ Velasco, Carlos (8 June 2001). "Estudian un proyecto para construir tren suburbano" [A project to build a suburban train is being studied] (in Spanish). Mexico City, México: El Universal. Archived 7 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2 April 2008.
  19. ^ Cancino, Fabiola (31 August 2002). "Retrasa SCT obras de Tren Suburbano" [SCT delays suburban train works] (in Spanish). Federal District, México: El Universal. Archived 6 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2 April 2008.
  20. ^ Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (24 August 2005). "Valle de México: Suburban Rail System (ZMVM)" [Valley of Mexico: Suburban Rail System (ZMVM)]. Beasain (Gipuzkoa), Spain: Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, SA. Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
  21. ^ Cobos González, Carmen (11 June 2003). "Proyecto del Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México" [Suburban Railway Project of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico] (in Spanish). Federal District, México: Sistema Internet de la Presidencia, México (2000-2006). Archived 16 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
  22. ^ Cobos González, Carmen (11 June 2003). "Palabras del Presidente Fox en la Presentación del Proyecto del Ferrocarril Suburbano de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México" [Remarks by President Fox at the Presentation of the Suburban Railway Project of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico] (in Spanish). Federal District, México: Sistema Internet de la Presidencia, México (2000-2006). Archived 16 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  23. ^ Transparencia Mexicana (12 September 2005). "Informe del pacto de integridad: licitación del ferrocarril suburbano Cuautitlán-Buenavista" [Integrity pact report: tender for the Cuautitlán–Buenavista suburban railway]. Mexico City, Mexico: Transparencia Mexicana. Archived 22 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
  24. ^ de la Rosa, Tomás (February 2004). "Despierta apetito internacional Tren Suburbano" [Suburban Train sparks international interest]. Transporte Siglo XXI-La primera revista de negocios de la industria. Archived 8 January 2005 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
  25. ^ Cruz Serrano, Noé (17 December 2003). "Abren licitación para construir tren suburbano" [Tender opened to build suburban train]. Mexico City, Mexico: El Universal. Archived 7 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
  26. ^ Cardoso, Víctor (28 June 2005). "Grupo de los Hank, virtual ganador de la concesión del Tren Suburbano" [The Hank group, virtual winner of the Suburban Train concession]. Mexico City, Mexico: La Jornada. Archived 1 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
  27. ^ Cardoso, Víctor (21 July 2005). "Repiten Hermes y CAF para la concesión del tren suburbano" [Hermes and CAF return for the suburban train concession] (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: La Jornada. Archived 5 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
  28. ^ Méndez, Enrique (21 July 2005). "Transparencia en la licitación, exigen diputados" [Transparency in the tender demanded by deputies]. Mexico City, Mexico: La Jornada. Archived 5 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
  29. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-04-20. Retrieved 2006-03-03.
  30. ^ "Frota de Trens". Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos. Archived from the original on 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
  31. ^ Cardoso, Víctor & Juan A. Zúñiga (25 August 2005). "Para el consorcio español CAF, la concesión del tren suburbano" [The suburban train concession goes to the Spanish consortium CAF] (in Spanish). Federal District, Mexico: La Jornada. Archived 18 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  32. ^ Zabludovsky, Jacobo (26 November 2007). "Bucareli-La función del rey" [Bucareli-The role of the king]. Mexico City, Mexico: El Universal. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
  33. ^ Zabludovsky, Jacobo (24 December 2007). "Bucareli-Unanimidad sospechosa" [Bucareli-Suspicious unanimity]. Mexico City, Mexico: El Universal. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
  34. ^ Cuenca, Alberto (10 May 2008). "Para mitigar molestias por Tren Suburbano GDF recibe 290 mdp" [To mitigate inconvenience from the Suburban Train, the GDF receives 290 million pesos]. Mexico City, Mexico: El Universal. Retrieved 11 May 2008.
  35. ^ Autorizan suburbano de La Paz a Chalco – El Universal – DF Archived June 17, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ Ferrocarriles Suburbanos – Noticias Archived September 28, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ Ferrocarril Urbano Archived April 8, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV (21 November 2007). "Design icon competition winners" [Ganadores del concurso de diseño de iconos] (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV. Archived 28 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 30 November 2007.
  39. ^ Ingeniería y Economía del Transporte,SA-Tecnología e Investigación Ferroviaria,SA (25 November 2008). "Commuter rail in Mexico for one hundred million passengers per year" [Cercanías en México para cien millones de viajeros al año] (in Spanish). Spain: Ineco-Tifsa. Archived 1 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  40. ^ Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV (2008). "Suburban rail, the fast track to wellbeing" [Suburbano, la vía rápida al bienestar] (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos, SA de CV. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  41. ^ Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, SA (2008). "Cuautitlán-Buenavista suburban electric units (Mexico)" [Unidades eléctricas suburbano Cuautitlán-Buenavista (México)] (in Spanish). Beasain (Gipuzkoa), Spain: Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, SA. Archived 23 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
  42. ^ "Operación: Estaciones Buenavista-Cuautitlán". Ferrocarriles Suburbanos. July 2, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
  43. ^ "El Suburbano rebasa el millón de usuarios". Ferrocarriles Suburbanos. July 2, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
  44. ^ "Concluyen en diciembre obras restantes del Tren Suburbano" (in Spanish). El Financiero: en línea. January 31, 2010. Archived from the original on December 7, 2018. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
  45. ^ "Suburbano enfrenta colapso financiero". Archived 2013-01-01 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
  46. ^ "Nacionales - Terra Mexico". Archived 2016-01-15 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013-01-17. El Universal. "Espera Suburbano mover a 52 millones"
  47. ^ Morales, Amallely (May 11, 2020). "Baja 73% afluencia en Tren Suburbano" (in Spanish). Reforma. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  48. ^ "A partir de hoy Tren Suburbano sube sus tarifas" [Starting today the Suburban Train raises its fares] (in Spanish). Once Noticias. 27 April 2025.
  49. ^ "¡Tren Suburbano sube de precio: ¿Cuáles son las nuevas tarifas para viajar del Edomex a CDMX?" (in Spanish). El Financiero. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  50. ^ "Operaciones: Costo del viaje". Ferrocarriles Suburbanos. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
  51. ^ "Metrobús official website" (in Spanish). Metrobús.
  52. ^ Munguía, Aldo (18 March 2025). "'Se baja' concesionario del Tren AIFA: Ferrocarriles Suburbanos declina y el Ejército se hará cargo" (in Spanish). El Financiero. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
  53. ^ De la Rosa, Alejandro (7 January 2026). "Gobierno federal va por concesión del Tren Suburbano en el 2026" (in Spanish). El Economista. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  54. ^ "Gobierno gasta casi 6 mil millones de pesos para estatizar el Tren Suburbano" (in Spanish). Aristegui Noticias. 23 April 2026. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  55. ^ "Mi Mapa Metro 22032021" [My Metro Map 22032021] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 22 March 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  56. ^ "Centros de Transferencia Modal (CETRAM)" [Modal Transfer Centers] (in Spanish). Órgano Regulador de Transporte. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  57. ^ "Mapa de disponibilidad" [Disponibility map] (in Spanish). Ecobici. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  58. ^ "Mapa del sistema" [System map] (in Spanish). Mexico City Metrobús. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  59. ^ "Red de corredores" [Route network] (in Spanish). Organismo Regulador de Transporte. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  60. ^ "Red de Rutas" [Routes network] (in Spanish). Red de Transporte de Pasajeros. Retrieved 30 October 2021.