Tochigi Prefecture

Tochigi Prefecture (栃木県, Tochigi-ken^[a]) is an inland prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu.^[1] Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 km² (2,474 sq mi). Tochigi Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the west, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the southeast.

Utsunomiya is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture, with other major cities including Oyama, Tochigi, and Ashikaga.^[2] Tochigi Prefecture is one of only eight inland prefectures and its mountainous northern region is a popular tourist region in Japan. The Nasu area is known for its onsens, local sake, and ski resorts, the villa of the Imperial Family, and the station of the Shinkansen railway line. The city of Nikkō, with its ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[3]

Prefectural overview

Situated among the inland prefectures of the northern part of the Kantō region, Tochigi is contiguous with Ibaraki, Gunma, Saitama, and Fukushima Prefectures.

The climate of Tochigi may be classified as a humid temperate zone with broad variations in temperature. Winters are arid with dry winds, while summers are humid with frequent thunderstorms.

The population of Tochigi as of November 2010 is approximately 2,005,096.

Located in the center of the prefecture is the largest open plain in the Kantō region. Shirane (2,578 metres (8,458 ft)), Nantai (2,484 metres (8,150 ft)) and Nasudake (1,917 metres (6,289 ft)) mountain are in the northern part of the area. Kinugawa, Nakagawa, and Watarase River originate in this region, which flow across the Kanto plain before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. Tochigi is the 20th largest prefecture in Japan with a total area of 6,408.09 square km.

As of 1 April 2012, 21% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely Nikkō National Park, Oze National Park, and eight Prefectural Natural Parks.^[4]

History

Before the Meiji Restoration, Tochigi was known as Shimotsuke Province.^[5]

In the early 15th century, the Ashikaga Gakkō, Japan's oldest school of higher education, was re-established in the prefecture, holding over 3,000 students by the 16th century. Saint Francis Xavier introduced Ashikaga to the world as the best university in Japan.^{[citation needed]}

In the early 17th century, Japan was unified under the shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu. After his death, the Nikko Tōshō-gū shrine was built in Nikkō in 1617 on what the shōguns thought of as holy ground to protect and worship Ieyasu. Its establishment brought Nikkō to national attention.^{[citation needed]} Ieyasu's successors as Tokugawa shogun developed the Nikkō Kaidō (日光街道, part of the major road connecting Nikkō with Edo) and acquired lavish processions to worship Ieyasu.

In the late 19th century, the Tokugawa shogunate fell and the new government established the prefectures. The prefectural capital was established in the city of Tochigi after the unification of Utsunomiya Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture in 1873.^[6] By 1884, however, the capital was transferred to Utsunomiya.

In March 2011, following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, levels of radioactivity in Utsunomiya were 33 times higher than normal.^[7]

Geography

The chief city of Utsunomiya is famous for its many gyoza specialist shops. Also located in Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture has one of the largest shopping malls in the North Kantō region, Bell Mall.

Cities

Censuses^[8] Fourteen cities are located in Tochigi Prefecture:

Towns

These are the towns in each district:

Mergers

List of governors of Tochigi Prefecture (from 1947)

Industry and agriculture

Located close to Tōkyō, Tochigi is home to many corporations and industrial zones, including the Kiyohara Industrial Complex, one of the largest inland industrial complexes in the country.

Industrial manufacturing accounts for 36.6% of the prefecture's total output. Vehicle parts and accessories are the primary products, followed by vehicles, radios and televisions, pharmaceuticals, and wireless communication equipment.

Below are goods manufactured in Tochigi with the highest market share in Japan:

(The 2004 industrial analysis report published by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)

The annual gross agricultural output in Tochigi is about 274 billion yen. Rice, vegetables, and livestock are produced in the region. Tochigi is also known for strawberries, Chinese chives, and Japanese pears sold throughout Japan and exported to other countries. Approximately 55% of Tochigi is covered by forests. Mushrooms, such as Shiitake mushrooms, make up half of the forest industry, with an output of approximately 5.6 billion yen.

Education

Tochigi is home to many universities and colleges including those for science and technology, literature, medicine, education, and art. Below is an alphabetical list of some of the universities located in Tochigi.

• Ashikaga Institute of Technology
• Bunsei University of Art, Utsunomiya
• Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu
• Hakuoh University, Oyama
• International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara
• Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke
• Oyama National College of Technology
• Sakushin Gakuin University, Utsunomiya
• Sano College
• Teikyo University, Utsunomiya
• Tochigi College of Industry and Technology (Central), Utsunomiya
• Tochigi College of Industry and Technology (North), Nasu
• Tochigi College of Industry and Technology (South), Ashikaga
• Utsunomiya Kyowa University, Utsunomiya and Nasushiobara
• Utsunomiya University

People

Sports

The sports teams and events listed below are based in Tochigi.

Association football

• Tochigi City FC (Tochigi)
• Tochigi SC (Utsunomiya)

Ice hockey

• Nikkō Ice Bucks (Nikkō)

Basketball

• Utsunomiya Brex

Motorsport

• Twin Ring Motegi circuit
• Nikkō Circuit

Cycling

Tour de Tochigi, a cat 2.2 three-day road race of the UCI Asia Tour

Tourism

Nikkō National Park is famous for its UNESCO World Heritage Site which was registered as the 10th World Heritage Site in 1999. This encompasses Rinnō-ji, Nikkō Tōshō-gū, Mount Nantai, and Futarasan Shrine. The Kegon Falls, also in Nikkō, is popular with tourists. To travel between the city and the falls, automobiles and buses take the Irohazaka, a road with dozens of switchbacks. In addition, 400-year-old Japanese Cedars (about 13,000 in total) line the famous Cedar Avenue of Nikkō for roughly 35 km, making it the longest tree-lined avenue in the world.^[9]

A more recent and modern attraction is the Twin Ring Motegi Circuit race course, which hosts the only IndyCar race outside the United States. The track also hosts many other race events including Super Formula and motorcycle races as well as festivals and fireworks events.

Tochigi has many traditional festivals and events such as Nikkō Tōshō-gū's 1000 Samurai Procession and Horseback Archery Festival, and the city of Tochigi's Autumn Festival where doll floats are pulled around the city once every five years.

Other attractions include:

• Ashikaga Flower Park
• Cannabis Museum
• Edo Wonderland Nikko Edomura
• Futarasan Shrine
• Kegon Falls
• Kinugawa (hot spring)
• Kirifuri Falls
• Lake Chūzenji
• Mashiko
• Nakagawa Aquatic Park
• Nasu Animal Kingdom
• Nasu resort area
• Nikkō Tōshō-gū
• Rinnō-ji
• Sankenkyō
• Shiobara Hot Spring
• Tobu World Square

Transportation and access

Roads

Traversing the prefecture along the north–south axis and connecting to the rest of the country are the Tōhoku Expressway and the new and old Route 4. From east to west spans Route 50, connecting southern Tochigi with Ibaraki and Gunma Prefectures.

Also connecting Tochigi, Gunma, and Ibaraki is the Kita-Kantō Expressway, with the 18.5 km that connect the Tochigi-Tsuga Interchange and the Utsunomiya-Kaminokawa Interchange. Portions of the Kita-Kantō Expressway are still being constructed and is set to be fully completed by 2011. The highway will link the region's other main transport arteries, the Tōhoku, the Jōban and the Kan-Etsu Expressways, providing a link to the international port of Hitachinaka in Ibaraki.

Rail

The Tōhoku Shinkansen and the JR Utsunomiya Line are the main railways running north and south in Tochigi. Shinkansen runs from Tokyo Station to in south Tochigi in 43 minutes. can be reached by rail in as little as 48 minutes, and many parts of Tochigi are within commuting range of central Tokyo. To the east and west, the Mito and Ryōmō Lines connect Tochigi to Ibaraki and Gunma.

Freight is served by the Utsunomiya Freight Terminal.

• East Japan Railway Company
  • Karasuyama Line
  • Mito Line
  • Nikkō Line
  • Ryōmō Line
  • Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
  • Tōhoku Shinkansen
  • Utsunomiya Line (Tōhoku Main Line)
• Mooka Railway
• Tobu
  • Isesaki Line
  • Nikkō Line
  • Kinugawa Line
  • Utsunomiya Line
  • Sano Line
• Utsunomiya Light Rail
  • LIGHTLINE (Utsunomiya Haga Light Rail Line)
• Watarase Keikoku Line
• Yagan Railway

Air travel

Fukushima Airport is approximately an hour's drive from Utsunomiya on the Tōhoku Expressway. International and national air transportation is through Narita International Airport to the east of Tokyo, approximately three hours by vehicle from Utsunomiya.

International relations

Tochigi has cooperative agreements with three states or provinces in other countries.^[10]

• Indiana, United States
• Vaucluse, France
• Zhejiang, China

Notes

1. ^ toꜜ.tɕi.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, to.tɕi.ɡʲiꜜ, -ŋʲiꜜ, to.tɕi.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ.keɴ^[11]

References

1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tochigi prefecture" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 967; "Kantō" in p. 479.
2. ^ Nussbaum, "Utsunomiya" at p. 1019.
3. ^ "World Heritage Committee: Report of the 23rd Session, Marrakesh 1999". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
4. ^ "General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture". Ministry of the Environment. 1 April 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
5. ^ Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at p. 780.
6. ^ "Tochigi Prefecture / History". Tochigi Prefecture. Tochigi Prefectural Office. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
7. ^ "Nuclear Radiation Levels and Effect on Human Health as Sieverts increase in Japan – What you need to Know - Green World Investor". greenworldinvestor.com. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
8. ^ "Statistics Bureau Home Page". www.stat.go.jp
9. ^ Gardening World Records Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2 November 2008.
10. ^ Prefecture, Tochigi. "International Relations". Tochigi Prefecture
11. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute (ed.) (24 May 2016). ja:NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese). NHK Publishing.

Sources

• Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128.

External links

• Tochigi Prefecture Official Website (in Japanese)
• Tochigi International Association Website (in English)