This is a record of notable programming languages, by decade.

1790s

YearNameDeveloperPredecessor(s)
1790[1]Jacquard loom (concept)[1]Joseph Marie Jacquard

1800s

YearNameDeveloperPredecessor(s)
1801[2]Jacquard machine (implementation)[2]Joseph Marie Jacquard

1830s

YearNameDeveloperPredecessor(s)
1837[3]BAB L1[3]Charles BabbageJacquard[4]

1840s

YearNameDeveloperPredecessor(s)
1843[4][5]Note G[6][4]Ada Lovelace

1870s

YearNameDeveloperPredecessor(s)
1879Begriffsschrift[7]Gottlob Frege

1940s

YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)
1943–45/46[8]PlankalkülKonrad Zuse
1943–46ENIAC coding systemJohn von Neumann, John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, and Herman Goldstine after Alan Turing
1946ENIAC Short CodeRichard Clippinger and John von Neumann after Alan Turing
1947–52ARC/Birkbeck AssemblerKathleen BoothENIAC Short Code[9]
1948Plankalkül (year of publication)Konrad Zuse
1949EDSAC Initial OrdersDavid WheelerENIAC coding system
Short Code (originally known
as Brief Code)		John Mauchly and William F. SchmittENIAC Short Code
YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)

1950s

YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)
1950Short Code (for UNIVAC I)William F. SchmittShort Code
1951SuperplanHeinz RutishauserPlankalkül
ALGAEEdward A. Voorhees, Karl Balke
Intermediate Programming LanguageArthur BurksShort Code
Boehm unnamed coding systemCorrado BöhmCPC Coding scheme
KlammerausdrückeKonrad ZusePlankalkül
Stanislaus (Notation)Fritz Bauer
Sort Merge GeneratorBetty Holberton
1952Short Code (for UNIVAC II)Albert B. Tonik,[10] J. R. LoganShort Code (for UNIVAC I)
A-0Grace HopperShort Code
Glennie AutocodeAlick GlennieCPC Coding scheme
Operator programmingAlexey Andreevich Lyapunov with the participation Kateryna YushchenkoMESM
Editing GeneratorMilly KossSORT/MERGE
COMPOOLRAND/SDC
1953SpeedcodingJohn W. Backus
READ/PRINTDon Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman
1954Laning and Zierler systemJ. Halcombe Laning, Niel Zierler, Adams at MIT Project Whirlwind
Mark I AutocodeTony BrookerGlennie Autocode
ARITH-MATICTeam led by Grace Hopper at UNIVACA-0
MATH-MATICTeam led by Charles Katz
MATRIX MATHH G Kahrimanian
IPL I (concept)Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. Simon
1954–55FORTRAN (concept)Team led by John W. Backus at IBMSpeedcoding
1955Address programming languageKateryna YushchenkoOperator programming
FLOW-MATICTeam led by Grace Hopper at UNIVACA-0
BACAICM. Grems, R. Porter
PACT ISHAREFORTRAN, A-2
Freiburger Code[11][12]University of Freiburg
PRINTIBM
1955–56Sequentielle FormelübersetzungFritz Bauer, Karl SamelsonBoehm
ITTeam led by Alan PerlisLaning and Zierler
1956–58LISP (concept)John McCarthyIPL
1957COMTRANBob BemerFLOW-MATIC
GEORGECharles Leonard Hamblin
FORTRAN I (implementation)John W. Backus at IBMFORTRAN
COMIT (concept)Victor Yngve
1957–58UNICODERemington Rand UNIVACMATH-MATIC
1958FORTRAN IITeam led by John W. Backus at IBMFORTRAN I
ALGOL 58 (IAL)ACM/GAMMFORTRAN, IT, Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
IPL II (implementation)Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. SimonIPL I
IPL VAllen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. SimonIPL II
1959APTDouglas T. Ross
FACTFletcher R. Jones, Roy Nutt, Robert L. Patrick
COBOL (concept)The CODASYL CommitteeFLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN, FACT
JOVIALJules Schwartz at SDCALGOL 58
LISP (implementation)Steve RussellIPL
MAD – Michigan Algorithm DecoderBruce Arden, Bernard Galler, Robert M. GrahamALGOL 58
TRAC (concept)Calvin Mooers
YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)

1960s

YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)
1960ALGOL 60ALGOL 58
1960COBOL 61 (implementation)The CODASYL CommitteeFLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN
1960SAKOLeon Łukaszewicz, et al., Polish Academy of Sciences[13]
1961COMIT (implementation)Victor Yngve
1961GPSSGeoffrey Gordon, IBM
1962FORTRAN IVIBMFORTRAN II
1962APL (concept)Kenneth E. Iverson
1962Simula (concept)Ole-Johan Dahl (mostly)ALGOL 60
1962SNOBOLRalph Griswold, et al.FORTRAN II, COMIT
1963Combined Programming Language (CPL) (concept)Barron, Christopher Strachey, et al.ALGOL 60
1963SNOBOL3Griswold, et al.SNOBOL
1963ALGOL 68 (concept)Adriaan van Wijngaarden, et al.ALGOL 60
1963JOSS ICliff Shaw, RANDALGOL 58
1964MIMICH. E. Petersen, et al.MIDAS
1964COWSELRod Burstall, Robin PopplestoneCPL, LISP
1964PL/I (concept)IBMALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
1964Basic Assembly LanguageIBMAssembly language
1964BASICJohn George Kemeny, Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth CollegeFORTRAN II, JOSS
1964IBM RPGIBMFARGO
1964Mark-IVInformatics
1964Speakeasy-2Stanley Cohen at Argonne National LaboratorySpeakeasy
1964TRAC (implementation)Calvin Mooers
1964P′′Corrado Böhm
1964?IITRAN
1965RPG IIIBMFARGO, RPG
1965MAD/I (concept)University of MichiganMAD, ALGOL 60, PL/I
1965TELCOMPBBNJOSS
1965Atlas AutocodeTony Brooker, Derrick Morris at Manchester UniversityALGOL 60, Autocode
1965PL360 (concept)Niklaus WirthALGOL 60, ESPOL
1966JOSS IIChuck Baker, RANDJOSS I
1966ALGOL WNiklaus Wirth, C. A. R. HoareALGOL 60
1966FORTRAN 66John Backus and his teamFORTRAN IV
1966ISWIM (concept)Peter J. LandinLISP
1966CORAL 66I. F. Currie, M. GriffithsALGOL 60
1966APL (implementation)[14]Kenneth E. Iverson
1967BCPLMartin RichardsCPL
1967MUMPSMassachusetts General HospitalFORTRAN, TELCOMP
1967Simula 67 (implementation)Ole-Johan Dahl, Bjørn Myhrhaug, Kristen Nygaard at Norsk RegnesentralALGOL 60
1967InterlispD.G. Bobrow and D.L. MurphyLisp
1967EXAPTHerwart Opitz, Wilhelm Simon, Günter Spur, and Gottfried Stute at RWTH Aachen University and TU BerlinAPT
1967SNOBOL4Ralph Griswold, et al.SNOBOL3
1967XPLWilliam M. McKeeman, et al. at University of California, Santa Cruz
J. J. Horning, et al. at Stanford University		PL/I
1968ALGOL 68 (UNESCO/IFIP standard)Adriaan van Wijngaarden, Barry J. Mailloux, John E. L. Peck and Cornelis H. A. Koster, et al.ALGOL 60
1968COBOL 1968American National Standard COBOL (X3.23-1968)COBOL
1968POP-1Rod Burstall, Robin PopplestoneCOWSEL
1968DIBOL-8DECDIBOL
1968Forth (concept)Moore
1968LogoWally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, Cynthia SolomonLISP
1968MAPPERUnisysCRT RPS
1968REFAL (implementation)Valentin Turchin
1968TTM (implementation)Steven Caine and E. Kent Gordon, California Institute of TechnologyGAP, GPM
1968PILOTJohn Amsden Starkweather, University of California, San FranciscoComputest
1968PL360 (implementation)Niklaus WirthALGOL 60, ESPOL
1968PL/S (as Basic Systems Language)IBMAssembly language
1969PL/I (implementation)IBMALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
1969BKen Thompson, with contributions from Dennis RitchieBCPL, Fortran[15]
1969Polymorphic Programming Language (PPL)Thomas A. Standish at Harvard University
1969SETLJack Schwartz at Courant Institute of Mathematical SciencesALGOL 60
1969TUTORPaul Tenczar & University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
1969Edinburgh IMPEdinburgh UniversityALGOL 60, Autocode, Atlas Autocode
YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)

1970s

YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)
1970Forth (implementation)Charles H. Moore
1970POP-2Robin PopplestonePOP-1
1970SAILDan Swinehart, Bob SproullALGOL 60
1970PascalNiklaus Wirth, Kathleen JensenALGOL 60, ALGOL W
1970BLISSWulf, Russell, Habermann at Carnegie Mellon UniversityALGOL
1971KRLDaniel G. Bobrow at Xerox PARC, Terry Winograd at Stanford UniversityKM, FRL (MIT)
1971Compiler Description Language (CDL)Cornelis H.A. Koster at University of Nijmegen
1972Smalltalk-72Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, Dan Ingalls, Xerox PARCSimula 67
1972PL/MGary Kildall at Digital ResearchPL/I, ALGOL, XPL
1972CDennis RitchieB, BCPL, ALGOL 68
1972INTERCALDon Woods, James M. Lyon
1972PrologAlain Colmerauer2-level W-Grammar
1972Structured Query language (SQL)IBMALPHA, Quel (Ingres)
1972SASLDavid Turner at University of St AndrewsISWIM
1973COMALBørge Christensen, Benedict LøfstedtPascal, BASIC
1973MLRobin Milner
1973LISJean Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell BullPascal, Sue
1973Speakeasy-3Stanley Cohen, Steven Pieper at Argonne National LaboratorySpeakeasy-2
1974CLUBarbara LiskovALGOL 60, Lisp, Simula
1974GRASSThomas A. DeFantiBASIC
1974COBOL 1974ANSI X3.23-1974COBOL 1968
1974BASIC FOURMAI BASIC Four Inc.Business BASIC
1974PROSE modeling languageCDC 6600 Cybernet ServicesSLANG, FORTRAN
1974sedLee E. McMahon of Bell Labsed
1975ABCLeo Geurts and Lambert MeertensSETL
1975PROSE modeling language Time-Sharing VersionCDC 6400 Cybernet KRONOS ServicesSLANG, FORTRAN
1975SchemeGerald Jay Sussman, Guy L. Steele Jr.LISP
1975Altair BASICBill Gates, Paul AllenBASIC
1975ModulaNiklaus WirthPascal
1976Smalltalk-76Xerox PARCSmalltalk-72
1976MesaXerox PARCALGOL
1976RatforBrian KernighanC, FORTRAN
1976SJohn Chambers at Bell LabsAPL, PPL, Scheme
1976SASSAS Institute
1976Integer BASICSteve WozniakBASIC
1977FPJohn Backus
1977Bourne Shell (sh)Stephen R. Bourne
1977Commodore BASICJack TramielBASIC
1977IDLDavid Stern of Research Systems IncFortran
1977Standard MUMPSMUMPS
1977Icon (concept)Ralph GriswoldSNOBOL
1977EuclidButler Lampson at Xerox PARC, Ric Holt and James Cordy at University of Toronto
1977Applesoft BASICMarc McDonald and Ric WeilandBASIC
1978RAPTPat Ambler and Robin PopplestoneAPT
1978C shellBill JoyC
1978RPG IIIIBMFARGO, RPG, RPG II
1978HAL/Sdesigned by Intermetrics for NASAXPL
1978Applesoft II BASICMarc McDonald and Ric WeilandApplesoft BASIC
1978?MATLABCleve Moler at the University of New MexicoFortran
1978?SMALLNevil Brownlee at the University of AucklandAlgol60
1978VisiCalcDan Bricklin, Bob Frankston marketed by VisiCorp
1979TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)Texas InstrumentsBASIC
1979Modula-2Niklaus WirthModula, Mesa
1979REXXMike Cowlishaw at IBMPL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2
1979AWKAlfred Aho, Peter J. Weinberger, Brian KernighanC, SNOBOL
1979Icon (implementation)Ralph GriswoldSNOBOL
1979Vulcan dBase-IIWayne RatliffRETRIEVE
YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)

1980s

YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)
1980Ada 80 (MIL-STD-1815)Jean Ichbiah at CII Honeywell BullALGOL 68, Green
1980C with classesBjarne Stroustrup[16]C, Simula 67
1980Applesoft IIIApple ComputerApplesoft II BASIC
1980Apple III Microsoft BASICMicrosoftMicrosoft BASIC
1980–81CBASICGordon EubanksBASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research
1980Smalltalk-80Adele Goldberg at Xerox PARCSmalltalk-76
1981TI Extended BASICTexas InstrumentsTI BASIC (TI 99/4A)
1981BBC BASICAcorn Computers, Sophie WilsonBASIC
1981IBM BASICAMicrosoftBASIC
1982?Speakeasy-IVStanley Cohen, et al. at Speakeasy Computing CorporationSpeakeasy-3
1982?DracoChris GrayPascal, C, ALGOL 68
1982PostScriptWarnockInterPress
1982TuringRic Holt and James Cordy, at University of TorontoEuclid
1983GW-BASICMicrosoftIBM BASICA
1983Turbo PascalHejlsberg at BorlandPascal
1983Ada 83 (ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A)Jean Ichbiah at AlsysAda 80, Green
1983Objective-CBrad CoxSmalltalk, C
1983C++[17]Bjarne StroustrupC with Classes
1983True BASICJohn George Kemeny, Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth CollegeBASIC
1983occamDavid MayEPL
1983?ABAPSAP AG
1983KornShell (ksh)David Kornsh
1983ClascalApple ComputerPascal
1984CLIPPERNantucketdBase
1984Common LispGuy L. Steele, Jr., many othersLISP
1984Rocq (then: Coq)INRIA
1984RPLHewlett-PackardForth, Lisp
1984Standard MLML
1984RedcodeAlexander Dewdney and D.G. Jones
1984OPLPsionBASIC
1985COBOL 1985ISO/IEC 1989:1985COBOL 74
1985PARADOXBorlanddBase
1985QuickBASICMicrosoftBASIC
1986ClarionBruce Barrington
1986CorVisionCortexINFORM
1986EiffelBertrand MeyerSimula 67, Ada
1986GFA BASICFrank OstrowskiBASIC
1986Informix-4GLInformix
1986LabVIEWNational Instruments
1986MirandaDavid Turner at University of KentSASL
1986Object PascalApple ComputerPascal
1986PROMALC
1986ErlangJoe Armstrong and others in EricssonPLEX, Prolog
1987Ada ISO 8652:1987ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A unchangedAda 83
1987Self (concept)Sun Microsystems Inc.Smalltalk
1987occam 2David May and INMOSoccam
1987HyperTalkApple Computer
1987CleanSoftware Technology Research Group of Radboud University Nijmegen
1987PerlLarry WallC, sed, awk, sh
1987OberonNiklaus WirthModula-2
1987Turbo BasicRobert 'Bob' ZaleBASIC/Z
1988Mathematica (Wolfram Language)Wolfram Research
1988OctaveMATLAB
1988TclJohn OusterhoutAwk, Lisp
1988STOS BASICFrançois Lionet and Constantin SotiropoulosBASIC
1988ActorCharles Duff, the Whitewater GroupForth, Smalltalk
1988Object REXXSimon C. NashREXX, Smalltalk
1988SPARKBernard A. CarréAda
1988A+Arthur WhitneyAPL, A
1988Hamilton C shellNicole HamiltonC shell
1988–1989C90C90 ISO/IEC 9899:1990C
1989Turbo Pascal OOPAnders Hejlsberg at BorlandTurbo Pascal, Object Pascal
1989Modula-3Cardeli, et al. DEC and OlivettiModula-2
1989PowerBASICRobert 'Bob' ZaleTurbo Basic
1989VisSimPeter Darnell, Visual Solutions
1989LPCLars Pensjö
1989BashBrian FoxBourne shell, C shell, KornShell
1989MagikArthur Chance, of Smallworld Systems LtdSmalltalk
YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)

1990s

YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)
1990SatherSteve OmohundroEiffel
1990AMOS BASICFrançois Lionet and Constantin SotiropoulosSTOS BASIC
1990AMPLRobert Fourer, David Gay and Brian Kernighan at Bell Laboratories
1990Object OberonH Mössenböck, J Templ, R GriesemerOberon
1990JKenneth E. Iverson, Roger Hui at Iverson SoftwareAPL, FP
1990HaskellMiranda, Clean
1990EuLispCommon Lisp, Scheme
1990Z shell (zsh)Paul Falstad at Princeton Universityksh
1990SKILLT. J. Barnes at Cadence Design SystemsFranz Lisp
1991GNU EDavid J. DeWitt, Michael J. CareyC++
1991Oberon-2Hanspeter Mössenböck, Niklaus WirthObject Oberon
1991OzGert Smolka and his studentsProlog
1991QAlbert Gräf
1991PythonGuido van RossumPerl, ABC, C
1991Visual BasicAlan Cooper, sold to MicrosoftQuickBASIC
1992Borland PascalTurbo Pascal OOP
1992DylanMany people at Apple ComputerCommon Lisp, Scheme
1992S-LangJohn E. DavisPostScript
1993?Self (implementation)Sun MicrosystemsSmalltalk
1993Amiga EWouter van OortmerssenDEX, C, Modula-2
1993BrainfuckUrban MüllerP′′
1993LiveCode TranscriptHyperTalk
1993AppleScriptApple ComputerHyperTalk
1993KArthur WhitneyAPL, Lisp
1993LuaRoberto Ierusalimschy et al. at Tecgraf, PUC-RioScheme, SNOBOL, Modula, CLU, C++
1993RRobert Gentleman and Ross IhakaS
1993ZPLChamberlain et al. at University of WashingtonC
1993NewtonScriptWalter SmithSelf, Dylan
1993EuphoriaRobert CraigSNOBOL, AWK, ABC, Icon, Python
1994ClaireYves CaseauSmalltalk, SETL, OPS5, Lisp, ML, C, LORE, LAURE
1994ANSI Common LispCommon Lisp
1994RAPIDABBARLA
1994PikeFredrik Hübinette et al. at Linköping UniversityLPC, C, μLPC
1994ANS ForthElizabeth Rather, et al.Forth
1995Ada 95S. Tucker Taft, et al. at IntermetricsAda 83
1995Borland DelphiAnders Hejlsberg at BorlandBorland Pascal
1995ColdFusion (CFML)Allaire
1995JavaJames Gosling at Sun MicrosystemsC, Simula 67, C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C, Mesa
1995LiveScriptBrendan Eich at NetscapeSelf, C, Scheme
1995MercuryZoltan Somogyi at University of MelbourneProlog, Hope, Haskell
1995PHPRasmus LerdorfPerl
1995RubyYukihiro MatsumotoSmalltalk, Perl
1995JavaScriptBrendan Eich at NetscapeLiveScript
1995RacketMatthew Flatt at Rice UniversityScheme, Lisp
1996CSSHåkon Wium Lie and Bert BosSGML
1996CurlDavid Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at MITLisp, C++, Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML
1996LassoBlue World Communications
1996NetRexxMike CowlishawREXX
1996OCamlINRIACaml Light, Standard ML
1996Perl Data Language (PDL)Karl Glazebrook, Jarle Brinchmann, Tuomas Lukka, and Christian SoellerAPL, Perl
1996Pure DataMiller PucketteMax
1996VBScriptMicrosoftVisual Basic
1997Component PascalOberon MicrosystemsOberon-2
1997EMark S. MillerJoule, Original-E
1997PicoFree University of BrusselsScheme
1997SqueakAlan Kay, et al. at Apple ComputerSmalltalk-80, Self
1997ECMAScriptECMA TC39-TG1JavaScript
1997F-ScriptPhilippe MouginSmalltalk, APL, Objective-C
1997ISLISPISO Standard ISLISPCommon Lisp
1997TeaJorge NunesJava, Scheme, Tcl
1997REBOLCarl Sassenrath, Rebol TechnologiesSelf, Forth, Lisp, Logo
1998LogtalkPaulo Moura (then at University of Coimbra)Prolog
1998ActionScriptGary GrossmanECMAScript
1998Standard C++ANSI/ISO Standard C++C++, Standard C, C
1998PureBasicFrederic Laboureur, Fantaisie Software
1998UnrealScriptTim Sweeney at Epic GamesC++, Java
1998XSLT (+ XPath)W3C, James ClarkDSSSL
1998Free Pascal + LazarusFlorian Paul Klämpfl, Michael van Canneyt, Lazarus and Free Pascal TeamObject Pascal, Borland Turbo Pascal, Delphi.
1998Xojo (REALbasic at the time)Xojo, Andrew BarryVisual Basic
1999C99C99 ISO/IEC 9899:1999C90
1999GambasBenoît MinisiniVisual Basic, Java
1999Game Maker Language (GML)Mark OvermarsGame Maker
YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)

2000s

YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)
2000Join JavaG Stewart von ItzsteinJava
2000DarkBASICThe Game Creators
2000C#Anders Hejlsberg, Microsoft (ECMA)C, C++, Java, Delphi, Modula-2
2001JoyManfred von ThunFP, Forth
2001AspectJGregor Kiczales, Xerox PARCJava, Common Lisp
2001DWalter Bright, Digital MarsC, C++, C#, Java
2001ProcessingCasey Reas and Benjamin FryJava, C, C++[18]
2001Visual Basic .NETMicrosoftVisual Basic
2001GDScript (GDS)Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur (OKAM Studio)Godot
2001Shakespeare Programming LanguageJon Åslund, Karl Hasselström
2002IoSteve DekorteSelf, NewtonScript, Lua
2002GosuGuidewire SoftwareGScript
2002ScratchMitchel Resnick, John Maloney, Natalie Rusk, Evelyn Eastmond, Tammy Stern, Amon Millner, Jay Silver, and Brian SilvermanLogo, Smalltalk, Squeak, E-Toys, HyperCard, AgentSheets, StarLogo, Tweak
2003NixEelco DolstraMiranda/SASL, Haskell
2003NemerleUniversity of WrocławC#, ML, MetaHaskell
2003FactorSlava PestovJoy, Forth, Lisp
2003ScalaMartin OderskySmalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml
2003COBOL 2002ISO/IEC 1989:2002COBOL 1985
2003C++03C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2003C++, Standard C, C
2003SquirrelAlberto DemichelisLua
2003BooRodrigo B. de OliveiraPython, C#
2004SubtextJonathan Edwards
2004Alma-0Krzysztof Apt, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
2004FreeBASICAndre VictorQBasic
2004GroovyJames StrachanJava
2004Little bAneil Mallavarapu, Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems BiologyLisp
2005FantomBrian Frank, Andy FrankC#, Scala, Ruby, Erlang
2005F#Don Syme, Microsoft ResearchOCaml, C#, Haskell
2005HaxeNicolas CannasseActionScript, OCaml, Java
2005OxygeneRemObjects SoftwareObject Pascal, C#
2005Seed7Thomas Mertes
2005fishThomas Mertes
2005HolyCTerry A. DavisC, C++
2006CobraChuck EsterbrookPython, C#, Eiffel, Objective-C
2006Windows PowerShellMicrosoftC#, ksh, Perl, CL, DCL, SQL
2006OptimJAtejiJava
2006FortressGuy L. Steele Jr.Scala, ML, Haskell
2006ValaGNOMEC#
2007Ada 2005Ada Rapporteur GroupAda 95
2007AgdaUlf NorellRocq, Epigram, Haskell
2007QB64Galleon, QB64TeamQBasic
2007ClojureRich HickeyLisp, ML, Haskell, Erlang
2007LOLCODEAdam Lindsay
2007Oberon-07Niklaus WirthOberon
2007Swift (parallel scripting language)University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory
2008NimAndreas RumpfPython, Lisp, Object Pascal
2008PureAlbert GräfQ
2009ChapelBrad Chamberlain, Cray Inc.HPF, ZPL
2009GoGoogleC, Oberon, Limbo, Smalltalk
2009CoffeeScriptJeremy AshkenasJavaScript, Ruby, Python, Haskell
2009IdrisEdwin BradyHaskell, Agda, Rocq
2009ParasailS. Tucker Taft, AdaCoreModula, Ada, Pascal, ML
2009WhileyDavid J. PearceJava, C, Python
2009DafnyK. Rustan M. LeinoJava, Spec#
YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)

2010s

YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)
2010RustGraydon Hoare, MozillaAlef, C++, Camlp4, Erlang, Hermes, Limbo, Napier, Napier88, Newsqueak, NIL, Sather, Standard ML
2011C11C11 ISO/IEC 9899:2011C99
2011CeylonGavin King, Red HatJava
2011DartGoogleJava, JavaScript, CoffeeScript, Go
2011C++11C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2011C++, Standard C, C
2011KotlinJetBrainsJava, Scala, Groovy, C#, Gosu
2011RedNenad RakočevićRebol, Scala, Lua
2011OpaMLstateOCaml, Erlang, JavaScript
2011F*Microsoft ResearchDafny, F#, Lean, OCaml, Rocq, Standard ML
2012ElixirJosé ValimErlang, Ruby, Clojure
2012ElmEvan CzaplickiHaskell, Standard ML, OCaml, F#
2012TypeScriptAnders Hejlsberg, MicrosoftJavaScript, CoffeeScript
2012JuliaJeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral Shah, Alan Edelman, MITMATLAB, Lisp, C, Fortran, Mathematica (its Wolfram Language)[19] (strictly its Wolfram Language), Python, Perl, R, Ruby, Lua[20]
2012PVivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, Microsoft
2012Ada 2012ARA and Ada Europe (ISO/IEC 8652:2012)Ada 2005, ISO/IEC 8652:1995/Amd 1:2007
2013P4P4 Language Consortium (P4.org)
2013PureScriptPhil FreemanHaskell
2013HopscotchHopscotch TechnologiesScratch
2013CuneiformJörgen BrandtSwift (the parallel scripting language)
2013LeanMicrosoft ResearchML, Rocq, Haskell, Agda
2013HyPaul TagliamontePython, Lisp, Clojure
2013React JSJordan Walke
2014CrystalAry Borenszweig, Manas Technology SolutionsRuby, C, Rust, Go, C#, Python
2014HackFacebookPHP
2014SwiftApple Inc.Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU
2014C++14C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2014C++11, Standard C, C
2014SolidityGavin Wood, EthereumJavaScript, C++, Python
2014COBOL 2014COBOL ISO/IEC 1989:2002COBOL
2014JaiJonathan BlowC, C++
2015RakuLarry Wall, The Rakudo TeamPerl, Haskell, Python, Ruby
2015PonySylvan ClebschE
2016ZigAndrew KelleyC, C++, LLVM IR, Go, Rust
2016ReasonJordan WalkeJavaScript, OCaml[21]
2016GleamLouis Pilfold, Fly.ioErlang, Elixir, Elm, Rust, Go, OCaml, JavaScript
2017C++17C++14, Standard C, C
2017AssemblyScriptThe AssemblyScript Project[22]JavaScript, TypeScript, WebAssembly
2017BallerinaWSO2, open source[23]Java, JavaScript, Go, Rust, C#
2017Q#MicrosoftC#, F#, Python
2018C17ISO/IEC 9899:2018C11
2018Fortran 2018ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5 N2150:2018Fortran 2008
2019BosqueMark Marron, MicrosoftJavaScript, TypeScript, ML
2019V (Vlang)Alexander MedvednikovC, Go, Kotlin, Oberon, Python, Rust, Swift
YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)

2020s

YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)
2020C++20C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2020C++17, Standard C, C
2020ReScriptBloomberg L.P.Reason, JavaScript
2021Microsoft Power FxVijay Mital, Robin Abraham, Shon Katzenberger, Darryl Rubin, MicrosoftExcel formulas
2021ArkTSWang Chenglu, HuaweiTypeScript, Swift, Objective-C, JavaScript, C#, F#, Java, ActionScript, AtScript, AssemblyScript
2022Carbon (concept)GoogleC++, Rust, Swift, Zig, Kotlin, Haskell
2023MojoModularPython, Rust, Cython, C, C++, CUDA, Swift, Zig
2023Ada 2023ISO/IEC 8652:2023[24]Ada 2012 / ISO/IEC 8652:2012
2023COBOL 2023ISO/IEC 1989:2023COBOL 2014 / ISO/IEC 1989:2014
2023Fortran 2023ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22 2023Fortran 2018
2024C++23C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2024C++20, Standard C, C
2024C23ISO/IEC 9899:2024C17
2024CangjieXinyu Feng, HuaweiArkTS, TypeScript, JavaScript, Swift, C#, F#, Java, C++, Go, Python
YearNameChief developer, companyPredecessor(s)

See also

References

  1. ^ Edward H. Knight (1874–1875). "THE FIRST CENTURY OF THE REPUBLIC (Second Paper) MECHANICAL PROGRESS Crompton's Fancy Loom". Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Vol. L. Alden, Henry Mills (ed.). 327-335 Pearl street, Franklin Square: Harper & Brothers. p. 91. – via Cornell University Library: Google Books Jacquard, of Lyon, is reported to have conceived the idea in 1790, and in 1801 he received from the National Exposition a bronze medal for his invention of a machine for figure-weaving, which he patented
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