Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc.
Private
IndustryBicycles
Founded1974 (age 52)
FounderMike Sinyard
Hq location cityMorgan Hill, California
Hq location countryUS
Key peopleArmin Landgraf (CEO)
Products
Brands
  • Roval
  • S-Works
Revenue (2011)US$500 million (est.)
Num employees (2022)c. 1,300
Websitespecialized.com

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., colloquially known as and stylized as SPECIALIZED, is an American company that designs, manufactures and markets bicycles, bicycle components and related products under the brand name "Specialized", the premium and professional oriented "S-Works" badge, and high end components represented by the "Roval" name.[1]

The Morgan Hill, California-based company was founded in 1974 by Mike Sinyard.[2]

History

The company was founded in 1974 by Mike Sinyard,[3] a cycling enthusiast who sold his Volkswagen Bus for $1,500 to fund a cycle tour of Europe, where he bought handlebars and stems made by Cinelli to take back to the US.[4][5] Sinyard started importing Italian bike components which were difficult to find in the United States,[3] but the company began to produce its own bike parts by 1976, starting with the Specialized Touring Tire.[5][6] In 1981, the company introduced its first two bikes: the Sequoia, a sport-touring design, and the Allez, a road bike.[7] Specialized also introduced the first major production mountain bike in the world, the Stumpjumper, in 1981. Like the Sequoia and Allez, the Stumpjumper was designed by Tim Neenan and based on an early Tom Ritchey design. Specialized continues to produce bikes under the Stumpjumper name, including both hardtail and full-suspension models.[8] The hardtail Stumpjumper was released in 1991 and discontinued after 2016, while the first full-suspension Stumpjumper was released in 1993 and is still in production today, with the Stumpjumper line-up now exclusively full-suspension.[9][10] An original Stumpjumper is displayed in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.[5][11]

Mike Sinyard moved the firm to Morgan Hill, CA in 1984.[12]

In 1988, Specialized introduced their Epic variants to aid the growth of carbon fiber bikes on a mass production scale. Epic models came with a lightweight carbon frameset designed and engineered by Specialized, and often came stock with higher end components than non-Epic variants. Their first release was the Allez Epic, a carbon fiber variant of their Allez road bike. Their second release was the Stumpjumper Epic, a carbon fiber variant of their Stumpjumper mountain bike. The Stumpjumper Epic was the first ever production carbon fiber mountain bike.[7][13][14] The Epic returned later in 2002, this time as a stand-alone XC model, debuting a game changing innovation with its Brain rear shock. The Brain utilized an inertia valve to help automatically open and close of the shock when needed, without rider input, opening for rough terrain and closing for smooth terrain, all while remaining unaffected from pedal strokes. In 2008, the newly designed Epic saw further development of the Brain technology and design with more rider adjustability improve rider experience and perception. It solidified its place in the XC community after Christoph Sauser won the 2008 UCI World Mountain Bike Championships by just under three minutes.[15][16] The Epic is still produced to this day.[17]

In the early 1990s, Specialized introduced the Globe range of urban bikes; it had a major relaunch in 2009,[18] which saw Globe become its own distinct brand.[19] After a hiatus in production, the Globe line currently produces cargo e-bikes.

In 1995, Specialized launched the Full Force brand.[20] Full Force was a lower-end mountain bike brand sold through sporting goods stores and discount retailers such as Costco.[5] The move angered some Specialized dealers. In 1996, Specialized withdrew the Full Force line, and Mike Sinyard wrote a letter of apology to dealers.[5][21] By the end of 1996, Specialized had lost 30% of its bike shop sales and, according to Sinyard, "came within a few hundred dollars of declaring bankruptcy".[5]

In 2001, Merida Bikes of Taiwan bought 49% of Specialized (initially reported as 19%) for a reported US$30 million. Mike Sinyard remained majority owner and CEO of the company.[22][23] As of 2016, Specialized is one of the biggest bicycle brands operating in the United States, alongside Trek Bicycle Corporation and Giant Bicycles.[24]

In 2012, Specialized issued a recall for about 12,000 bicycles sold through retailers from 2007 until July 2012 due to a faulty fork.[25] Recalled models include the company's Globe products.

As of 2023, a customized version of the Specialized Rockhopper mountain bike is used by the London Ambulance Service for their Cycle Response Units which operate in congested areas of the city.[26]

Litigation

In 1990, Specialized tried to sue RockShox Inc, claiming the company's name too closely resembled the bicycle model name Rockhopper[27] The case was ultimately dismissed with prejudice.

In 2006, Specialized sent Mountain Cycle a letter concerning its use of the model name "Stumptown" (nickname for Portland), alleging it resembled the Specialized model name Stumpjumper.[28] Mountain Cycle closed shortly thereafter.

In 2009, Specialized had a trademark dispute with a manufacturer of bicycle bags, Epic Designs, now Revelate Designs.

In 2010, Specialized took NASCAR driver and team owner Robby Gordon to court over the logo used for his Speed Energy drink brand, claiming it was visually similar to their own 'S' logo. Gordon sued Specialized after receiving a cease-and-desist letter in September 2010 and Specialized then counter-sued Gordon.[29] Gordon was ordered by the court to remove the Speed 'S' logo from his cars and later agreed with Specialized he would change the drink's logo.[30]

In 2011, Portland wheel builder Epic Wheel Works was forced to change its name due to potential trademark conflict with Specialized.[31]

In 2012, the company sued two former employees after they started the bicycle brand Volagi Cycles, for theft of trade secrets and breach of employment contract, as well as other charges. Of Specialized's nine claims, eight were thrown out of court, and the jury awarded Specialized one dollar in damages on the remaining count (breach of employment contract) that went to trial.[32][33][34] It was estimated by (Volagi's founders) Choi and Forsman's attorney, Tyler Paetkau, that Specialized incurred more than $2 million in legal fees to practice "competition by litigation."[35] In September 2016, Volagi announced that it would close after a founding member was injured in a bicycle crash involving an automobile.[36]

In 2013, Specialized mailed a small bike shop owner in Canada a cease and desist letter over its use of the city name Roubaix in its shop name and wheels, the name of a town in France that rose to prominence as a textile center in the 15th century [37] and has hosted a bicycle race since 1896.[38][39] This follows on from Specialized's trademarking of the word in Canada. The situation and behavior towards the shop owner caused some reactions from cyclists worldwide after an article was published by the Calgary Herald in early December 2013.[40][41] On 9 December Fuji Bikes owner, Advanced Sports International said that they are the legal owner of worldwide rights to the Roubaix trademark. Fuji has had a Fuji Roubaix road bike model in its lineup since 1992, and has licensed the name to Specialized since 2003.[42] The dispute between Specialized, ASI and the Canadian shop owner was resolved in December 2013, and Specialized vowed to be more cautious in its pursuit of trademark violators in the future.[43]

In 2014, Specialized forced bicycle builder Neil Pryde to change the name of their Alize bike model.[44]

Professional rider sponsorship

Road

Many riders in recent years have used Specialized bicycles in the North American and European professional cycling circuits. In 2019, the professional road teams sponsored by Specialized are Soudal-Quick-Step, Bora–Hansgrohe, SD Worx and Team TotalEnergies.[45]

Mountain

Mountain bike riders sponsored by Specialized include the downhill world champion Loïc Bruni, Finn Iles,[46] Jaroslav Kulhavý, Christoph Sauser, Lea Davison, Martin Soderstrom, Simon Andreassen, Sam Gaze, Ned Overend, Chris Blevins, Hannah Barnes, Annika Langvad, 2:1 Racing, Nicholi Rogatkin, Curtis Robinson, Matt Hunter and Howard Grotts.[47]

Triathlon

Sponsored triathletes include Brent McMahon, Jenson Button, Rubén Ruzafa, Non Stanford, Conrad Stoltz, Melissa Hauschildt, Tim Don, Lisa Norden, Chris McCormack, Francisco Javier Gómez Noya, Gwen Jorgensen and Ben Hoffman.[47]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Roval". Specialized.com. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  2. ^ "Pandemic Check-in: Specialized's founder, Mike Sinyard". Bicycle Retailer and Industry News. Retrieved 2023-06-16.
  3. ^ "Reinventing the wheel". The Economist. Vol. 324, no. 7770. 1992-08-01. pp. 61–62.
  4. ^ Clarke, Jody (2009-09-18). "Mike Sinyard: Riding the mountain bike craze to a fortune". Moneyweek. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  5. ^ Overfelt, Maggie (2008-05-20). "King of the mountain bike". CNN Money. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  6. ^ Karlgaard, Rich. "Hippie Capitalist: Specialized Bicycle's Mike Sinyard". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
  7. ^ Rogers, Seb (23 October 2010). "Interview: Specialized founder Mike Sinyard". What Mountain Bike. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  8. ^ Rogers, Seb. "Specialized Bicycles Stumpjumper Comp HT (09)". BikeRadar. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  9. ^ Lin, Bruce (2024-06-17). "Specialized Stumpjumper by Year: How to Buy A Used Stumpjumper". The Pro's Closet. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  10. ^ "Stumpjumper - Specialized". Specialized.com. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  11. ^ Eng, Sherri (1994-09-26). "Mountain bike founders still cycling". Calgary Herald. p. C1.
  12. ^ "Mike Sinyard | Marin Museum of Bicycling and Mountain Bike Hall of Fame". 2014-03-27. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
  13. ^ Kukoda, John & Zahradnik, Fred (March 1988). "Road Test/Bike Review (1988) Specialized Epics -- StumpJumper and Allez". Bike Forums. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  14. ^ "special:start [mtb-timeline]". mtbtimeline.com. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  15. ^ "www.cyclingnews.com presents the Mountain Bike World Championships". autobus.cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  16. ^ Powlison, Spencer (2018-11-13). "The evolution of the Epic". Velo. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  17. ^ "Epic - Specialized". Specialized.com. Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  18. ^ Boulanger, Gary (2009-09-16). "Specialized relaunch Globe urban brand". BikeRadar. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
  19. ^ Booth, Philip (2009-06-12). "Tech features: Specialized launches Globe brand". Road Bike Action Magazine. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
  20. ^ Boulanger, Gary (2008-03-20). "Cannondale purchase raises ire of Specialized founder". BikeRadar. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  21. ^ Kaufman, Steve (1996-12-26). "Mountain-bike innovator now rolling with the punches Specialized has matured with founder". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  22. ^ "Merida buys not 49% but 19% of Specialized". Bike Europe. 2001-08-07. Archived from the original on 2007-05-04. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  23. ^ "Correction: Merida Buys 49% of Specialized". Bike Europe. 2001-08-08. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
  24. ^ Frothingham, Stephen (25 February 2016). "Big Three brands duke it out with March discounts". Bicycle Retailer. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  25. ^ "Bicycles recalled after faulty part leads to falls". CNN. 2012-09-26. Retrieved 2012-09-26.
  26. ^ "London Ambulance Service - Cycle responder". www.londonambulance.nhs.uk. London Ambulance Service NHS Trust. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  27. ^ http://www.plainsite.org/flashlight/case.html?id=2173443[dead link]
  28. ^ "Specialized, Mountain Cycle disagree on "Stumptown" - BikePortland.org". BikePortland.org. 31 January 2006.
  29. ^ "Judge Forces Robby Gordon To Remove Logos From Energy Drink". sportsbusinessdaily.com
  30. ^ "Robby Gordon Settles His Dispute With Specialized, Alters Logo". Sports Business Daily. Advance Publications. December 23, 2010. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  31. ^ "Epic Wheel Works will change name due to potential trademark conflict with Specialized". BikePortland.org. 10 March 2011.
  32. ^ Fretz, Caley (2012-01-03). "Specialized sues Volagi over Liscio road bike". Velo News. Archived 2015-01-05 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  33. ^ Zinn, Lennard (2012-01-13). "An expensive dollar: Volagi owes Specialized $1". Velonews.competitor.com. Archived 2017-06-25 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
  34. ^ Mintz, Howard (2012-01-13). "Legal feud between bike giant Specialized and Bay Area startup ends in mixed verdict". Mercury News, Bay Area News Group. Archived 2017-05-01 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
  35. ^ Payne, Paul (2012-01-13). "Jury awards $1 to Specialized in Cotati bike feud case". THE PRESS DEMOCRAT. Archived 2017-09-14 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
  36. ^ MacMichael, Simon (2016-09-30). "US bike maker Volagi Cycles suspends operation with co-founder in coma" (news article). Retrieved 2018-07-11.
  37. ^ "Roubaix". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
  38. ^ Babin, Tom (2013-12-07). "War veteran forced to change bike shop's name after threat from U.S bike giant Specialized". Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  39. ^ "Must Read: Specialized muscles vet over shop's name - VeloNews.com". VeloNews.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  40. ^ "Specialized's disastrous trademark case is unnecessary to defend the brand - VeloNews.com". VeloNews.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  41. ^ "Social media explosion over Specialized's Roubaix lawsuit". Bicycle Retailer and Industry News
  42. ^ "ASI says Calgary bike shop can use Roubaix name". Bicycle Retailer and Industry News
  43. ^ "ASI, Specialized and Cafe Roubaix in 'complete alignment' over trademark". Bicycle Retailer and Industry News
  44. ^ "Allez, allez NAZARÉ". 2014-04-04. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
  45. ^ "Men's WorldTour team bikes and equipment for 2022 | Who's riding what?"
  46. ^ Smurthwaite, James (6 January 2016). "Loic Bruni signs with Specialized for 2016". Mountain Bike Rider. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  47. ^ "I Am Specialized Riders". Specialized. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.

Further reading

  • Riedy, Mark (2006). Stumpjumper: 25 Years of Mountain Biking. Halcottsville, NY: Breakaway Books. ISBN 1-891369-63-6.

Branding

• Brand strategy