Primeira Liga
Pixels160
OrganiserLiga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional (LPFP)
CountryPortugal
ConfedUEFA
Founded1934 (age 92)
Teams18 (since 2014–15)
RelegationLiga Portugal 2 (1990–present)
Segunda Divisão (1934–1990)
Levels1
Domest cupTaça de Portugal
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
Confed cupUEFA Champions League
UEFA Europa League
UEFA Conference League
League cupTaça da Liga
ChampionsPorto (31st title)
Most successful clubBenfica (38 titles)
Most appearancesManuel Fernandes (486)
Top goalscorerFernando Peyroteo (332)
TvList of broadcasters
SponsorBetclic
Season2025–26
Websiteligaportugal.pt
Current2025–26 Primeira Liga

The Primeira Liga (pɾiˈmɐjɾɐ ˈliɣɐ), also known as Liga Portugal Betclic for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Portugal and the highest level of the Portuguese football league system. Organised and supervised by the Liga Portugal, it has been contested by 18 teams since the 2014–15 season, with the three lowest-placed teams relegated to the Liga Portugal 2 and replaced by the top-three non-reserve teams from this division.[a]

Founded in 1934 as Campeonato da Liga da Primeira Divisão, it was named Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão from 1938 until 1999, when it was changed to its current naming. Over 70 teams have competed in the Primeira Liga, but only five have been crowned champions. Among them, the "Big Three" teams—Benfica (38 wins), Porto (31) and Sporting CP (21)—have won all but two Primeira Liga titles; the other winners are Belenenses (1945–46) and Boavista (2000–01).[1]

The Primeira Liga reached a world ranking of fourth according to IFFHS's 2011 ranking.[2]

In January 2025, Liga Portugal launched a redesign of its official digital platforms, developed in collaboration with the Portuguese technology company Magycal[3]. The update introduced club-specific personalised experiences, real-time goal notifications and match updates, live statistics, line-ups, video highlights, and access to exclusive match replays, aiming to enhance fan engagement and modernise the league's digital ecosystem[4].

History

Before the Portuguese football reform of 1938, a competition on a round-basis was already being held – the Primeira Liga (Premier League) and the winners of that competition were named "League champions". Despite that, a Championship of Portugal in a knock-out cup format was the most popular and defined the Portuguese champion, although the winners of this competition no longer count as Portuguese football champions.[citation needed]

Then, with the reform, a round-robin basis competition was implemented as the most important of the calendar and began defining the Portuguese champion. From 1938 to 1999, the name Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão (National Championship of the First Division) or just Primeira Divisão (First Division), was used.[5]

Porto won the inaugural edition of the new league championship and successfully defended the title in the next season. In 1939–40 the tournament was expanded from eight to ten clubs, due to an administrative battle between Porto and Académico do Porto, regarding a Regional Championship game that ended with only 43 minutes after the start, and later repeated (which FC Porto won) according to Porto FA decision. FPF came out with a decision to satisfy both clubs, expanding the championship to 10 teams (one more from Porto FA and another from Setúbal FA) and annulling the result from the repetition match. With this decision, FC Porto lost the Regional title and finished in 3rd, Leixões SC became the new regional champion, while Académico was 2nd place. All 3 teams qualified for 1939–40 Primeira Divisão.[6]

In the 1941–42 season, it was decided to expand the championship from eight to ten teams to admit Braga FA and Algarve FA champions (until this season only the top teams from Porto, Coimbra, Lisboa and Setúbal were admitted).[7] Porto finished the regional championship in third place again, which did not grant entry into the Primeira Liga.[8] However, a second expand (from 10 to 12) in the same season was decided, which allowed the club to participate.[9]

After the 1945–46 season, the qualifying system based on regional championships was abandoned and adopted a pyramid system, with relegations and promotions between the 3 tiers. The clubs in Primeira Divisão, Segunda Divisão and Terceira Divisão no longer had to play their district championships on the same season as they had been doing since the first seasons of the Liga.[7] Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout the league's history;

  • 8 clubs: 1934–1939
  • 10 clubs: 1939–1940
  • 8 clubs: 1940–1941
  • 12 clubs: 1941–1942
  • 10 clubs: 1942–1945
  • 12 clubs: 1945–1946
  • 14 clubs: 1946–1971
  • 16 clubs: 1971–1987
  • 20 clubs: 1987–1989
  • 18 clubs: 1989–1990
  • 20 clubs: 1990–1991
  • 18 clubs: 1991–2006
  • 16 clubs: 2006–2014
  • 18 clubs: 2014–present

When the Portuguese League for Professional Football took control of the two nationwide leagues in 1999, it was renamed "Primeira Liga" (Premier League).[citation needed]

Big Three

Main article: Big Three (Portugal)
"Big Three" performance over the last 10 seasons
SeasonBenficaPortoSporting
2016–17123
2017–18213
2018–19123
2019–20214
2020–21321
2021–22312
2022–23124
2023–24231
2024–25231
2025–26312

"The Big Three" (Portuguese: Os Três Grandes) is a nickname for the three most powerful sports clubs in Portugal. With the exception of Belenenses in 1945–46 and Boavista in 2000–01, only three clubs have won the Primeira Liga title – Benfica (38 times), Porto (30) and Sporting CP (21). These three clubs generally end up sharing the top three positions (thus, appearing more frequently in UEFA competitions) and are the only clubs to have played in every season of the competition.

These clubs dominate Portuguese football, and it has become typical for fans to support any of these teams as a "first club", with a local team probably coming afterwards, if at all. The "Big Three" have the highest average attendance ratings every season in Portugal, while many other teams, lacking support from the locals, have suffered from poor attendance. The lack of support for local teams is considered to be one of the main reasons why Portuguese Football registers one of the worst attendance ratings in European Football's best championships, alongside the broadcast of almost all the games on television. In other sports, the rivalry between the big clubs is also considerable and it usually leads to arguments between the fans and players.[10]

Benfica is the club with most league, cup and league cup titles, as well as the most domestic titles (81) and overall titles won (83 or 84, if the Latin Cup is taken into account), including back-to-back European Cup trophies. Porto is the club with most Portuguese Super Cups and international titles won (7).

Sporting CP holds the third place when it comes to the most league and cup titles. Benfica is the only Portuguese club to have won two consecutive European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, reaching ten European finals: seven European Cups and three UEFA Cup/Europa League, and was runner-up in two Intercontinental Cups. Porto is the only Portuguese club since 1987 to have won any international competition (excluding the UEFA Intertoto Cup), gathering a total of two European Cup/UEFA Champions Leagues, two UEFA Cup/Europa Leagues, one European Super Cup and two Intercontinental Cups and finished runner-up in one European Cup Winner's Cup and three UEFA Super Cups. Sporting won one European Cup Winner's Cup and was runner-up in one UEFA Cup. Apart from the big three, Braga won the last UEFA Intertoto Cup and was runner-up in one UEFA Europa League.[11][12]

Galp Energia acquired the naming rights to the league in 2002, titling the division SuperLiga Galp Energia. A four-year deal with Austrian sports betting firm bwin was announced on 18 August 2005 amid questioning by the other gambling authorities in Portugal (the Santa Casa da Misericórdia and the Portuguese Casinos Association), who claimed to hold the exclusive rights to legal gambling games in Portuguese national territory. After holding the name Liga betandwin.com for the 2005–06 season, the name was changed to bwin LIGA in July 2006.[13][14]

From the 2008–09 season to the 2009–10 season the league was named Liga Sagres due to sponsorship from Sagres beer. In 2010, they renewed the sponsorship from Sagres, but also got the sponsorship from ZON Multimédia. The league was named Liga ZON Sagres until 2013–14 after the sponsorship agreement between Sagres, ZON (now NOS) and the league ended. In 2015, the league was named Liga NOS until the 2020–21 season.[15] From 2021 to 2023, it was known Liga Portugal Bwin. Since 2023, it is called Liga Portugal Betclic.

Sponsorship names for seasons
  • 2002–2005: SuperLiga Galp Energia
  • 2005–2006: Liga betandwin.com
  • 2006–2008: bwin LIGA
  • 2008–2010: Liga Sagres
  • 2010–2014: Liga ZON Sagres
  • 2014–2021: Liga NOS
  • 2021–2023: Liga Portugal Bwin
  • 2023–: Liga Portugal Betclic

Official match ball

Competition

Since the 2014–15 season, there are 18 clubs in the Primeira Liga, up from 16 in the previous seasons. During the course of a season, each club plays all teams twice – once at their home stadium and once at their opponent's stadium – for a total of 34 games. At the end of each season, the two lowest placed teams are relegated to the Segunda Liga and the top two teams from Segunda Liga are promoted to the Primeira Liga.

Qualification for European competitions

The top teams in Primeira Liga qualify for the UEFA Champions League, with the winner entering the group stage directly. The second placed team enters the playoffs for the group stage of the UEFA Champions League; if they fail to qualify, they enter the UEFA Europa League, along with the Taça de Portugal cup winners. If the Taça de Portugal cup winners qualify for the UEFA Champions League through league placing, the berth is given to the third placed team, who otherwise enter the UEFA Europa League qualification. The number four enters the qualification stages of the UEFA Conference League.

UEFA ranking

See also: UEFA coefficient

UEFA League Ranking as of the 2023–24 season:[18]

  1. English Premier League
  2. Italian Serie A
  3. Spanish La Liga
  4. German Bundesliga
  5. French Ligue 1
  6. Portuguese Primeira Liga
  7. Dutch Eredivisie
  8. Belgian Pro League
  9. Turkish Süper Lig
  10. Czech First League

Clubs

TeamLocationStadiumCapacity1st season
in Primeira Liga		No. of seasons
in Primeira Liga		1st season of
current spell		No. of seasons
of current spell		League titlesLast title
AroucaAroucaEstádio Municipal de Arouca5,6002013–1472021–2230-
BenficaLisbonEstádio da Luz68,1001934–35901934–3590382022–23
BoavistaPortoEstádio do Bessa28,2631935–36612014–151012000–01
BragaBragaEstádio Municipal de Braga30,2861947–48681975–76490-
Casa PiaLisbonEstádio Municipal de Rio Maior[19]7,0001938–3932022–2320-
ChavesChavesEstádio Municipal Eng.º
Manuel Branco Teixeira		8,3961985–86182022–2320-
EstorilEstorilEstádio António Coimbra da Mota5,0941944–45292021–2230-
Estrela da AmadoraAmadoraEstádio José Gomes9,2881988–89162023–2410-
FamalicãoVila Nova de FamalicãoEstádio Municipal 22 de Junho5,1861946–47102019–2050-
FarenseFaroEstádio de São Luís7,0001970–71242023–2410-
Estádio Algarve22,000
Gil VicenteBarcelosEstádio Cidade de Barcelos12,0461990–91222019–2050-
MoreirenseMoreira de CónegosParque de Jogos Comendador Joaquim de Almeida Freitas6,1502002–03122023–2410-
PortimonensePortimãoEstádio Municipal de Portimão6,2041976–77212017–1870-
PortoPortoEstádio do Dragão50,0331934–35901934–3590312025-26
Rio AveVila do CondeEstádio dos Arcos5,3001979–80292022–2320-
Sporting CPLisbonEstádio José Alvalade52,0951934–35901934–3590212024–25
Vitória de GuimarãesGuimarãesEstádio D. Afonso Henriques30,0291941–42792007–08170-
VizelaVizelaEstádio do FC Vizela6,0001984–8542021–2230-

League attendance record

Main article: List of football stadiums in Portugal

Since the beginning of the league, there are three clubs with an attendance much higher than the others: Benfica, Porto and Sporting CP. They have also the biggest stadiums in Portugal, with more than 50,000 seats. Other clubs, such as Vitória de Guimarães and Braga, also have good attendances. Académica de Coimbra, Vitória de Setúbal, Boavista, Belenenses, and Marítimo are historical clubs, with more than 40 top-flight seasons, from the biggest Portuguese cities, and have also many supporters. However, they do not have big attendances nowadays. Their stadiums have between 10,000 and 30,000 seats.

In the 2023–24 season, Liga Portugal broke the record for stadium attendance in the last 12 years of Liga records, with an increase of more than 10% compared to the previous season.[20] The total accumulated audience figures were 3,707,290 and 556,267 people, giving an average attendance of 12,115 and 1,818 spectators in the Primeira and Segunda Liga, respectively. It's also the highest in the last 34 years and the only one to pass the 12,000 barrier since the 1989–90 season.[21]

This is due to the League's joint initiative with Continente "É Para Cartão" to bring families back to the stadiums.[22] The slogan "Football is You" was a success, as this season many historic clubs in lower leagues managed to have much higher averages than several clubs in the Primeira Liga.[23]

In the following season, 2024-25, the league once again set a new record for stadium attendance, with a 1.5% increase on the previous season. The total accumulated audience totalled 3,761,888 people, giving an average attendance of 12,294 spectators. This is the highest this season and the second time since the 1989/90 season that the 12,000 barrier has been surpassed. This is mainly due to the rise in the averages of Benfica, Sporting, Porto, Vitória de Guimarães, Farense and Gil Vicente, who are the only clubs to have improved their averages, while the rest of the clubs have fallen considerably.

The record season of 2024–25 saw the following statistics per club:[24]

#ClubGamesAverageAttendanceAccumulatedStadium
capacity		Stadium
1stSL Benfica1758.74691.4%998.68065.592Estádio da Luz
2ndSporting CP1742.52984.95%722.98750.095Estádio José Alvalade
3rdFC Porto1740.60981.16%690.35650.033Estádio do Dragão
4thVitória SC1718.44762.61%313.60530.029Estádio D. Afonso Henriques
5thSC Braga1713.86849.18%235.75530.286Estádio Municipal de Braga
6thBoavista FC177.21226.35%122.59628.263Estádio do Bessa
7thSC Farense177.16567.96%121.8127.000Estádio de São Luís
22.000Estádio Algarve
8thGil Vicente FC175.49645.69%93.43712.046Estádio Cidade de Barcelos
9thFC Famalicão173.78172.4%64.2855.186Estádio Municipal 22 de Junho
10thEstrela Amadora173.70455.74%62.9729.288Estádio José Gomes
11thSanta Clara173.07430.74%52.26412.500Estádio de São Miguel
12thEstoril Praia172.72353.45%46.2905.094Estádio António Coimbra da Mota
13thRio Ave FC172.59142.32%44.0435.300Estádio do Rio Ave FC
14thAVS SAD172.40741.74%40.9196.230Estádio do CD Aves
15thCD Nacional172.39646.54%40.7245.200Estádio da Madeira
16thMoreirense FC172.38738.79%40.5756.150Parque Comendador Joaquim de Almeida Freitas
17thFC Arouca172.11142.76%35.8895.600Estádio Municipal de Arouca
18thCasa Pia AC172.04329.26%34.7297.000Estádio Municipal de Rio Maior[19]
Total Estimate30612.29453.50%3.761,888340.898[b]

List of champions and top scorers

Main article: List of Portuguese football champions
ClubsPlayers
SeasonChampionsPointsRunners-upPointsThird placePointsTeamsRoundsBola de Prata
(top scorer)		ClubGoals
Campeonato da Liga da Primeira Divisão
 1934–35Porto22Sporting CP20Benfica19814Manuel SoeiroSporting CP14
 1935–36Benfica21Porto20Sporting CP18814PingaPorto21
 1936–37Benfica (2)24Belenenses23Sporting CP19814Manuel SoeiroSporting CP24
 1937–38Benfica (3)23Porto23Sporting CP22814Fernando PeyroteoSporting CP34
Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão
 1938–39Porto (2)23Sporting CP22Benfica21814CosturasPorto18
 1939–40Porto (3)34Sporting CP32Belenenses251018F. Peyroteo / S. KodrnjaSporting CP / Porto29
 1940–41Sporting CP23Porto20Belenenses19814Fernando PeyroteoSporting CP29
 1941–42Benfica (4)38Sporting CP34Belenenses301222Correia DiasPorto36
 1942–43Benfica (5)30Sporting CP29Belenenses281018JulinhoBenfica24
 1943–44Sporting CP (2)31Benfica26Atlético CP241018Francisco RodriguesVitória de Setúbal28
 1944–45Benfica (6)30Belenenses27Sporting CP271018Francisco RodriguesVitória de Setúbal21
 1945–46Belenenses38Benfica37Sporting CP321222Fernando PeyroteoSporting CP37
 1946–47Sporting CP (3)47Benfica41Porto331426Fernando PeyroteoSporting CP43
 1947–48Sporting CP (4)41Benfica41Belenenses371426António AraújoPorto36
 1948–49Sporting CP (5)42Benfica37Belenenses351426Fernando PeyroteoSporting CP40
 1949–50Benfica (7)45Sporting CP39Atlético CP301426JulinhoBenfica29
 1950–51Sporting CP (6)45Porto34Benfica301426Manuel VasquesSporting CP29
 1951–52Sporting CP (7)41Benfica40Porto361426José ÁguasBenfica28
 1952–53Sporting CP (8)43Benfica39Belenenses361426MatateuBelenenses29
 1953–54Sporting CP (9)43Porto36Benfica321426João MartinsSporting CP31
 1954–55Benfica (8)39Belenenses39Sporting CP371426MatateuBelenenses32
 1955–56Porto (4)43Benfica43Belenenses371426José ÁguasBenfica28
 1956–57Benfica (9)41Porto40Belenenses331426José ÁguasBenfica30
 1957–58Sporting CP (10)43Porto43Benfica361426Arsénio DuarteCUF do Barreiro23
 1958–59Porto (5)41Benfica41Belenenses381426José ÁguasBenfica26
 1959–60Benfica (10)45Sporting CP43Belenenses361426Edmur RibeiroVitória de Guimarães25
 1960–61Benfica (11)46Sporting CP42Porto331426José ÁguasBenfica27
 1961–62Sporting CP (11)43Porto41Benfica361426VeríssimoPorto23
 1962–63Benfica (12)48Porto42Sporting CP381426José Augusto TorresBenfica26
 1963–64Benfica (13)46Porto40Sporting CP341426EusébioBenfica28
 1964–65Benfica (14)43Porto37CUF do Barreiro351426EusébioBenfica28
 1965–66Sporting CP (12)42Benfica41Porto341426Eusébio / E. FigueiredoBenfica / Sporting CP25
 1966–67Benfica (15)43Académica40Porto391426EusébioBenfica31
 1967–68Benfica (16)41Sporting CP37Porto361426EusébioBenfica42
 1968–69Benfica (17)39Porto37Vitória de Guimarães361426Manuel AntónioAcadémica19
 1969–70Sporting CP (13)46Benfica38Vitória de Setúbal361426EusébioBenfica20
 1970–71Benfica (18)41Sporting CP38Porto371426Artur JorgeBenfica23
 1971–72Benfica (19)55Vitória de Setúbal45Sporting CP431630Artur JorgeBenfica27
 1972–73Benfica (20)58Belenenses40Vitória de Setúbal381630EusébioBenfica40
 1973–74Sporting CP (14)49Benfica47Vitória de Setúbal451630Héctor YazaldeSporting CP46
 1974–75Benfica (21)49Porto44Sporting CP431630Héctor YazaldeSporting CP30
 1975–76Benfica (22)50Boavista48Belenenses401630Rui JordãoBenfica30
 1976–77Benfica (23)51Sporting CP42Porto411630Fernando GomesPorto26
 1977–78Porto (6)51Benfica51Sporting CP421630Fernando GomesPorto25
 1978–79Porto (7)50Benfica49Sporting CP421630Fernando GomesPorto27
 1979–80Sporting CP (15)52Porto50Benfica451630Rui JordãoSporting CP31
 1980–81Benfica (24)50Porto48Sporting CP371630NenéBenfica20
 1981–82Sporting CP (16)46Benfica44Porto431630Jacques PereiraPorto27
 1982–83Benfica (25)51Porto47Sporting CP421630Fernando GomesPorto36
 1983–84Benfica (26)52Porto49Sporting CP421630Fernando Gomes / NenéPorto / Benfica21
 1984–85Porto (8)55Sporting CP47Benfica431630Fernando GomesPorto39
 1985–86Porto (9)49Benfica47Sporting CP461630Manuel FernandesSporting CP30
 1986–87Benfica (27)48Porto46Vitória de Guimarães411630Paulinho CascavelVitória de Guimarães22
 1987–88Porto (10)66Benfica51Belenenses482038Paulinho CascavelSporting CP23
 1988–89Benfica (28)63Porto56Boavista492038VataBenfica16
 1989–90Porto (11)59Benfica55Sporting CP461834Mats MagnussonBenfica33
 1990–91Benfica (29)69Porto67Sporting CP572038Rui ÁguasBenfica25
 1991–92Porto (12)56Benfica46Boavista441834RickyBoavista30
 1992–93Porto (13)54Benfica52Sporting CP451834Jorge CadeteSporting CP18
 1993–94Benfica (30)54Porto52Sporting CP511834Rashidi YekiniVitória de Setúbal21
 1994–95Porto (14)62Sporting CP53Benfica491834Hassan NaderFarense21
 1995–96Porto (15)84Benfica73Sporting CP671834Domingos PaciênciaPorto25
 1996–97Porto (16)85Sporting CP72Benfica581834Mário JardelPorto30
 1997–98Porto (17)77Benfica68Vitória de Guimarães591834Mário JardelPorto26
 1998–99Porto (18)79Boavista71Benfica651834Mário JardelPorto36
Primeira Liga
 1999–2000Sporting CP (17)77Porto73Benfica691834Mário JardelPorto37
 2000–01Boavista77Porto76Sporting CP621834PenaPorto22
 2001–02Sporting CP (18)75Boavista70Porto681834Mário JardelSporting CP42
 2002–03Porto (19)86Benfica75Sporting CP591834Fary FayeBeira-Mar18
 2003–04Porto (20)82Benfica74Sporting CP731834Benni McCarthyPorto20
 2004–05Benfica (31)65Porto62Sporting CP611834LiédsonSporting CP25
 2005–06Porto (21)79Sporting CP72Benfica671834Albert MeyongBelenenses17
 2006–07Porto (22)69Sporting CP68Benfica671630LiédsonSporting CP15
 2007–08Porto (23)75(1)Sporting CP55Vitória de Guimarães531630Lisandro LópezPorto24
 2008–09Porto (24)70Sporting CP66Benfica591630NenêNacional20
 2009–10Benfica (32)76Braga71Porto681630Óscar CardozoBenfica26
 2010–11Porto (25)84Benfica63Sporting CP481630HulkPorto23
 2011–12Porto (26)75Benfica69Braga621630Óscar CardozoBenfica20
 2012–13Porto (27)78Benfica77Paços de Ferreira541630Jackson MartínezPorto26
 2013–14Benfica (33)74Sporting CP67Porto611630Jackson MartínezPorto20
 2014–15Benfica (34)85Porto82Sporting CP761834Jackson MartínezPorto21
 2015–16Benfica (35)88Sporting CP86Porto731834JonasBenfica32
 2016–17Benfica (36)82Porto76Sporting CP701834Bas DostSporting CP34
 2017–18Porto (28)88Benfica81Sporting CP781834JonasBenfica34
 2018–19Benfica (37)87Porto85Sporting CP741834Haris SeferovicBenfica23
 2019–20Porto (29)82Benfica77Braga601834Carlos ViníciusBenfica18
 2020–21Sporting CP (19)85Porto80Benfica761834Pedro GonçalvesSporting CP23
 2021–22Porto (30)91Sporting CP85Benfica741834Darwin NúñezBenfica26
 2022–23Benfica (38)87Porto85Braga781834Mehdi TaremiPorto22
 2023–24Sporting CP (20)90Benfica80Porto721834Viktor GyökeresSporting CP29
 2024–25Sporting CP (21)82Benfica80Porto711834Viktor GyökeresSporting CP39
 2025–26Porto (31)88Sporting CP82Benfica801834Luis SuárezSporting CP28
  • Before 1995–96, the points were awarded in a format of two points for a win. In that season, Primeira Liga switched to the now standard three points for a win system.
  • (1) Porto saw six points subtracted for corruption allegations in the Apito Dourado,[25] but they recovered those points in July 2017.

Performance by club

All Primeira Liga champions have come from either Lisbon or Porto.

ClubWinnersRunners-upWinning seasonsRunners-up seasons
Benfica38311935–36, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1941–42, 1942–43, 1944–45, 1949–50, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1993–94, 2004–05, 2009–10, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2018–19, 2022–231943–44, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1955–56, 1958–59, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1981–82, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96, 1997–98, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2023–24, 2024–25
Porto31291934–35, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1955–56, 1958–59, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2025–261935–36, 1937–38, 1940–41, 1950–51, 1953–54, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1968–69, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1993–94, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2004–05, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2022–23
Sporting CP21221940–41, 1943–44, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49, 1950–51, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1957–58, 1961–62, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2020–21, 2023–24, 2024–251934–35, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1941–42, 1942–43, 1949–50, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1967–68, 1970–71, 1976–77, 1984–85, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2021–22, 2025–26
Belenenses141945–461936–37, 1944–45, 1954–55, 1972–73
Boavista132000–011975–76, 1998–99, 2001–02
Braga01—2009–10
Vitória de Setúbal01—1971–72
Académica01—1966–67

All-time Primeira Liga table

The all-time Primeira Liga table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in Primeira Liga since its inception in 1934. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2025–26 season. For comparison, older seasons have been calculated according to the three-points-per-win rule.

PosTeamSPtsGPWDLGFGAGD1st2nd3rd4th5th6thTDebutSince/
Last App		BestNotes
1Benfica925923263618114903346346229440423831184–1921934–351934–351
2Porto925801263617774703955821229735243129141231901934–351934–351
3Sporting CP92550926361656541439577624753301212230144–911934–351934–351
4Vitória de Guimarães81342224269495759023395338411––4101217431941–422007–083
5Belenenses7731582146877527742335227456071414897431934–352017–181
6Braga703128216087450678030272914113–131962311947–481975–762
7Boavista622606190870648871424482657-2091321045251935–362024–251
8Vitória de Setúbal722590207269450887027943119-325–13297221934–352019–202
9Académica641935170451638780123463003-657–1–268171934–352015–162
10Marítimo431760141447238355915731805-232––––65111977–782026–275
11Rio Ave311202101030129941010631346-283––––3251979–802022–235
12Estoril31110594228923741612641491-227–––23161944–452021–224
13Gil Vicente259528422442203788751144-269––––2131990–912019–205
14Farense269528562452173948981238-340––––1231970–712024–255
15Paços de Ferreira249237842342213298391106-267––1–1241990–912022–233
16Beira-Mar278968582182423988831340-457–––––111961–622012–136
17Nacional228707242281863108421012-170–––22151988–892024–254
18Portimonense21776678205162313715946-231––––1121976–772023–245
19Salgueiros247747401971833608041377-573––––1121943–442001–025
20CUF Barreiro237696102071482558281003-175––121261942–431975–763
21Leixões257136701831643237501186-436––––1121936–372009–105
22União de Leiria18711584184159241620771-151––––2241979–802011–125
23Atlético CP247106321921343069761285-309––211371943–441976–773
24Chaves18702616177171268674885-211––––2241985–862023–245
25Estrela da Amadora19700642164208270616839-223–––––––1988–892023–247
26Varzim21683618169176273638913-275––––1121963–642002–035
27Barreirense246175921661193077581195-437–––12471937–381978–794
28Moreirense15592506150142214534693-159–––––222002–032023–246
29Olhanense205655161471242458001057-257–––12141941–422013–144
30Famalicão13529374136121177505652-147––––1121946–472019–205
31Sporting da Covilhã1545740612679201585834-249––––1341947–481987–885
32Penafiel13435434106117211351625-274–––––––1980–812014–1510
33Lusitano de Évora1441236411664184494722-228––––1121952–531965–665
35Santa Clara103893409992139361457-96––––1121999–20002024–255
34Sporting de Espinho113793549691167336523-187–––––––1974–751996–977
36Arouca93563029377132336441-105––––2–22013–142021–225
37Tirsense82682566573118219370-151–––––––1967–681995–968
38Tondela82632726762143278433-155–––––––2015–162025–2610
39Alverca62202045846100227318-91–––––––1998–992025–2611
40União da Madeira6206208486298177300-123–––––––1989–902015–1610
41Naval 1º de Maio6193184494689160255-95–––––––2005–062010–118
42Oriental71871905037103224438-214––––1–11950–511974–755
43Campomaiorense5178170483488186287-101–––––––1995–962000–0111
44Feirense71752224443135187403-216–––––––1962–632018–198
45Torreense6163164443189183316-133–––––––1955–561991–927
46União de Tomar6162172433396178331-153–––––––1968–691975–7610
47Desportivo das Aves61601964040116173320-147–––––––1985–862019–2013
48Casa Pia5157150403773151247-96–––––––1938–392022–238
49O Elvas5148146373772211283-72–––––––1947–481987–888
50B-SAD4144136334558117195-78–––––––2018–192021–229
51Leça4124124332566120231-111–––––––1941–421997–9812
52Vizela4118132273768138243-95–––––––1984–852023–2411
53Académico de Viseu410512827247781237-156–––––––1978–792026–2713
54Caldas4103104262553124235-111–––––––1955–561958–5910
55Montijo3899023204791155-64–––––––1972–731976–7713
56Amora3899022234590143-53–––––––1980–811982–8312
57Lusitano VRSA372782194894210-116–––––––1947–481949–5012
58Sanjoanense47010416226686249-163–––––––1946–471968–6910
59Carcavelinhos56982191251103223-120–––1–121935–361941–424
60Unidos de Lisboa36254188281511456–––1––11940–411942–434
61Académico do Porto5608218658137300-163–––––––1934–351941–427
62Elvas2544817328108167-59–––––––1945–461946–479
63AVS Futebol SAD248688243652127-75–––––––2024–252025–2616
64Fafe14138914152947-18–––––––1988–891988–8916
65Felgueiras1333489172947-18–––––––1995–961995–9616
66Seixal22952783744150-106–––––––1963–641964–6512
67Riopele1273069152351-28–––––––1977–781977–7815
68Águeda1263075182555-30–––––––1983–841983–8415
69Trofense1233058172542-17–––––––2008–092008–0916
70União de Coimbra1223057182254-32–––––––1972–731972–7315
71Ginásio de Alcobaça1193047192056-36–––––––1982–831982–8316
72União de Lisboa111143293049-19–––––111934–351934–356
73Oliveirense1112232172273-51–––––––1945–461945–4612

:A.  Never relegated.

B.  Renamed Fabril in 2000.
C.  Club folded in 2021. Successor club União da Bola was founded in 2022.
D.  Club folded in 2017. Successor club Naval 1893 was founded in 2017.
E.  Club ended football team in 2013.
F.  Club ended football team in 2020. Successor club AVS was founded in 2023.
G.  Merged with Portalegrense in 2024.
H.  Club folded in 2007. Successor club Olímpico Montijo was founded in 2007.
I.  Merged to form Atlético CP in 1942.
J.  Club ended football team in 2009.
K.  Club ended football team in 1964.
L.  Merged to form O Elvas in 1947.
M.  Club folded in 2005. Successor club Felgueiras (2006) was founded in 2006.
N.  Club folded in 1984.

Last updated: 27 April 2025

Primeira Liga
Liga Portugal 2
Liga 3
Campeonato de Portugal
Portuguese District Championships
Clubs no longer in competition

Records

Team records

  • In 1972–73, Benfica became the first team to win the Portuguese league without defeat, with 58 points in 30 games (28 wins and 2 draws), the best efficiency ever obtained (96.7%) where 2 points were awarded for a victory. In that season, Benfica set the Portuguese league and European leagues record for most consecutive victories (23) – 29 wins overall, between 1971–72 and 1972–73. Benfica also set the league record for the greatest margin of victory in points over the second-placed team (18 points) in a 2 points per win championship.
  • In 1977–78, Benfica completed the Portuguese league unbeaten for the second time (21 wins and 9 draws), despite not having won the league in this season.
  • In 1990–91, Benfica achieved the highest number of wins in a single season – 32 (out of 38 matches).
  • In 1998–99, Porto became the only team to win five consecutive titles.
  • In 2010–11, Porto won the Portuguese league without defeat, with 84 points in 30 games (27 wins and 3 draws), the best efficiency ever obtained (93.3%) where 3 points were awarded for a victory. That season, Porto also set the league record for the greatest margin of victory in points over the second-placed team (21 points) in a 3 points per win championship.
  • In 2012–13, Porto won the Portuguese league unbeaten for the second time (24 wins and 6 draws).
  • From 8 November 2020 to 21 April 2022, Porto set the record for the longest unbeaten run in the league: 58 matches (47 wins and 11 draws).
  • In 2021–22, Porto achieved a record 91 points in the Portuguese league (29 wins and 4 draws in 34 games).
  • In 2025–26, Benfica finished the league without defeat for a third time (23 wins and 11 draws), becoming the first team to do so in an edition with 34 matches and setting the record for the longest unbeaten run in a single season.

Individual records

Appearances

RankPlayerAppearances
1Manuel Fernandes486
2António Sousa484
3João Vieira Pinto476
4Dinis Vital442
5António Veloso437
6Nené422
Manuel Bento
8Vítor Damas416
9João Pinto408
10Vítor Baía406

Top scorers

Main article: List of Primeira Liga top scorers
RankPlayerGoals
1Fernando Peyroteo332
2Eusébio320
3Fernando Gomes319
4José Águas291
5Nené262
6Manuel Fernandes243
7Matateu219
8José Torres218
9Arsénio Duarte215
10Rui Jordão213

Player transfer fees

Top transfer fees paid by Primeira Liga clubs
RankPlayerFee (min.)DateTransferReference(s)
1Samu Aghehowa€32M[c]23 August 2024Atlético MadridPorto[26]
2Richard Ríos€27M22 July 2025PalmeirasBenfica[27]
3Orkun Kökçü€25M[d]10 June 2023FeyenoordBenfica[28]
4Darwin Núñez€24M4 September 2020AlmeríaBenfica[29]
5Franjo Ivanović€22.8M[e]31 July 2025Union Saint-GilloiseBenfica[30]
6Luis Suárez€22.2M[f]28 July 2025AlmeríaSporting CP[31]
7Fotis Ioannidis€22M[g]1 September 2025PanathinaikosSporting CP[32]
8Raúl Jiménez€21.8M21 July 2016Atlético MadridBenfica[33]
9Giannelli Imbula€20M1 July 2015MarseillePorto[34]
Óliver Torres9 February 2017Atlético MadridPorto[35]
Raúl de Tomás3 July 2019Real MadridBenfica[36]
Julian Weigl2 January 2020Borussia DortmundBenfica[37]
Everton Soares14 August 2020GrêmioBenfica[38]
David Carmo€20M[h]5 July 2022BragaPorto[39]
Viktor Gyökeres€20M[i]1 July 2023Coventry CitySporting CP[40]
Arthur Cabral€20M[j]10 August 2023FiorentinaBenfica[41]
Victor Froholdt€20M[k]23 July 2025CopenhagenPorto[42]
Dodi Lukébakio€20M[l]1 September 2025SevillaBenfica[43]
Top transfer fees received by Primeira Liga clubs
RankPlayerFee (min.)DateTransferReference(s)
1João Félix€126M3 July 2019BenficaAtlético Madrid[44]
2Enzo Fernández€121M31 January 2023BenficaChelsea[45]
3Darwin Nuñez€75M[m]13 June 2022BenficaLiverpool[46]
4Rúben Dias€68M29 September 2020BenficaManchester City[47][48]
5Gonçalo Ramos€65M22 November 2023BenficaParis Saint-Germain[49]
6Viktor Gyökeres€63.5M[n]26 July 2025Sporting CPArsenal[50]
7Manuel Ugarte€60M7 July 2023Sporting CPParis Saint-Germain[51]
Otávio22 August 2023PortoAl-Nassr[52]
Nico González3 February 2025PortoManchester City[53]
10João Neves€59.9M[o]5 August 2024BenficaParis Saint-Germain[54]

Media coverage

Portugal

  • TVI (Moreirense home matches)
  • BTV (SL Benfica home matches)
  • Sport TV (every match, excluding Moreirense and Benfica home matches)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In the 2018–19 season, the three lowest placed teams were relegated to the LigaPro due to the integration of Gil Vicente in the Primeira Liga in the following season. The Portuguese Football Federation appealed to proceed with this integration as soon as possible.[55]
  2. ^ In the case of Farense, only the São Luís Stadium is considered.
  3. ^ Porto paid an initial €15 million for 50% of economic rights.[56] In May 2025, Porto acquired another 15% for €5 million.[57] In July 2025, the remaining 35% were acquired for €12 million.[58]
  4. ^ plus €5 million in bonuses
  5. ^ plus €5 million in bonuses
  6. ^ plus €5.3 million in bonuses
  7. ^ plus €3 million in bonuses
  8. ^ plus €2.5 million in bonuses
  9. ^ plus €4 million in bonuses
  10. ^ plus €5 million in bonuses
  11. ^ plus €2 million in bonuses
  12. ^ plus €4 million in bonuses
  13. ^ plus €25 million in bonuses
  14. ^ plus €10 million in bonuses
  15. ^ plus €10 million in bonuses

References

  1. ^ "BENFICA CAMPEÃO: todos os vencedores da Liga" [BENFICA CHAMPIONS: all the league winners] (in Portuguese). Maisfutebol.iol.pt. 17 May 2015. Archived 26 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  2. ^ "Current Ranking – IFFHS". Iffhs.de. Archived 5 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  3. ^ "Liga Portugal. The Ultimate Digital Experience for Portuguese Football.". Retrieved 2026-05-28.
  4. ^ "Magycal acaba de lançar a app oficial da Liga Portugal - Madan Parque". www.madanparque.pt. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
  5. ^ "aHighlight". ahighlight.com. 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  6. ^ Stadium Newspaper, 10 January 1940
  7. ^ "Pesquisa". Record.xl.pt. Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
  8. ^ Tovar 2011, p. 191.
  9. ^ Tovar, p. 136
  10. ^ "aHighlight". ahighlight.com. 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  11. ^ Lee Scott (20 February 2020). "Rangers Beware – Braga are One of European Football's Form Teams". footballcritic.com. Archived 19 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Portugal's European debacle – what's gone wrong?". portugoal.net. 28 February 2020. Archived 2 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  13. ^ "Liga Portugal". Lpfp.pt. Archived 27 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
  14. ^ "Liga Portugal". Lpfp.pt. Archived 25 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
  15. ^ "Liga Nos mantém-se por três anos e meio". Jornaldenegocios.pt. Archived 25 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
  16. ^ "Bola oficial da Liga Portugal" [Liga Portugal's official ball] (in Portuguese). Ligaportugal.pt. Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  17. ^ "Errejota, a nova bola oficial da Liga" [Errejota, the new Portugal's official ball] (in Portuguese). Desporto.sapo.mz. Archived 26 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  18. ^ UEFA.com (5 July 2023). "Country coefficients | UEFA Coefficients". Archived 2 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  19. ^ Redacção (2024-07-01). "Rio Maior continua como "casa" do Casa Pia" (in pt-PT). Notícias do Sorraia. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
  20. ^ "Liga bate recorde de espectadores dos últimos 12 anos" (in Portuguese). Jornal de Notícias. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
  21. ^ "EFS Attendances". www.european-football-statistics.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
  22. ^ "Continente junta-se à Liga Portugal para levar as famílias ao Futebol". Liga Portugal. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
  23. ^ Abola.pt (2024-05-25). "Média de assistências: Benfica isolado no topo e clubes da Liga 2 e 3 no top 25 | Abola.pt" (in Portuguese). Abola.pt. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
  24. ^ "Liga Portugal - Liga Portugal Betclic" (in Portuguese). Liga Portugal. Retrieved 2025-07-16.
  25. ^ FC Porto perde seis pontos UEFA (in Portuguese)
  26. ^ Tibiriçá, Nuno (11 July 2025). "FC Porto compra totalidade do passe de Samu e bate recorde da contratação mais cara do futebol português" [FC Porto buys the entirety of Samu's transfer rights and breaks the record for the most expensive signing in Portuguese football.] (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  27. ^ "Richard Ríos é reforço do Benfica!" [Richard Ríos is a Benfica reinforcement!] (in Portuguese). S.L. Benfica. 22 July 2025. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  28. ^ "Comunicado" [Announcement] (in Portuguese). CMVM. S.L. Benfica. 10 June 2023. Archived 14 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  29. ^ "Comunicado" [Announcement] (in Portuguese). CMVM. S.L. Benfica. 4 September 2020. Archived 14 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  30. ^ "Ivanovic é reforço do Benfica!" [Ivanovic is a Benfica reinforcement!] (in Portuguese). S.L. Benfica. 31 July 2025. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  31. ^ "Oficial: Luis Suárez no Sporting por €22 milhões" [Official: Luis Suárez to Sporting for €22 million] (in Portuguese). A Bola. 28 July 2025. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  32. ^ "Ioannidis fecha pódio das contratações mais caras da história do Sporting" [Ioannidis closes podium of most expensive signings in Sporting's history] (in Portuguese). Record. 1 September 2025. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  33. ^ Pritchett, David (21 July 2016). "Raúl becomes Benfica's record signing". Planet Benfica. Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  34. ^ "Official: Porto sign Imbula for €20m". Goal.com. 1 July 2015. Archived 4 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  35. ^ "FC Porto anuncia compra do passe de Óliver" [FC Porto announces purchase of Óliver's pass] (in Portuguese). O Jogo. Global Media Group. 9 February 2017. Archived 9 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  36. ^ "Welcome, Raúl de Tomás!". S.L. Benfica. 3 July 2019. Archived 4 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  37. ^ "Weigl is already a Benfica player!". S.L. Benfica. 2 January 2020. Archived 2 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  38. ^ "Comunicado" [Announcement] (in Portuguese). CMVM. S.L. Benfica. 14 August 2020. Archived 14 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  39. ^ "OFICIAL: FC Porto contrata David Carmo por 20 milhões de euros" [OFFICIAL: FC Porto signs David Carmo for 20 million euros] (in Portuguese). MaisFutebol. 5 July 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  40. ^ "Gyökeres é reforço do Sporting até 2028". Mais Futebol. 13 July 2023. Archived 13 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  41. ^ "Arthur Cabral reforça o Benfica!" [Arthur Cabral reinforces Benfica!] (in Portuguese). slbenfica.pt. 10 August 2023. Archived 11 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  42. ^ "Comunicado: Victor Froholdt" [Announcement: Victor Froholdt] (in Portuguese). FC Porto. 23 July 2025. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  43. ^ "Lukebakio oficializado no Benfica: todos os detalhes da transferência" [Lukebakio announced at Benfica: all the transfer details] (in Portuguese). Record. 1 September 2025. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  44. ^ "Comunicado à CMVM" [Announcement to CMVM] (in Portuguese). S.L. Benfica. 3 July 2019. Archived 3 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  45. ^ "Enzo transferido" [Enzo transferred] (in Portuguese). S.L. Benfica. 1 February 2023. Archived 1 February 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  46. ^ "Oficial: transferência de Darwin comunicada à CMVM" [Darwin's transfer announced to CMVM] (in Portuguese). S.L. Benfica. 13 June 2022. Archived 22 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  47. ^ "Comunicado" [Announcement] (in Portuguese). CMVM. S.L. Benfica. 27 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  48. ^ Edwards, John (29 September 2020). "City Complete Ruben Dias Signing". Manchester City F.C. Archived 30 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  49. ^ "Le PSG lève déjà l'option d'achat de Gonçalo Ramos". L'Équipe. 22 November 2023. Archived 25 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  50. ^ Weatherspoon, Chris & Jones, Cerys (28 July 2025). "Viktor Gyokeres to Arsenal: Everything you need to know". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  51. ^ "PSG sign midfielder Ugarte from Sporting for 60 million euros". Reuters. 7 July 2023. Archived 7 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  52. ^ "أوتافيو ..خامس صفقات النصر الصيفية". 22 August 2023.
  53. ^ "Nico transferido para o Manchester City" [Nico transferred to Manchester City] (in Portuguese). FC Porto. 3 February 2025. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  54. ^ "Paris Saint-Germain signs Portuguese midfielder João Neves". Paris Saint-Germain F.C. 5 August 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
  55. ^ "FPF não se vincula a "memorando de entendimento" entre Belenenses e Gil Vicente" (in Portuguese). Record. 13 December 2017. Archived 16 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  56. ^ "Samu Omorodion é Dragão" (in Portuguese). FC Porto. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  57. ^ "Comunicado: Samu" (in Portuguese). FC Porto. 5 May 2025. Retrieved 14 December 2025.
  58. ^ "Comunicado: Samu" (in Portuguese). FC Porto. 11 July 2025. Retrieved 14 December 2025.

Sources

  • Tovar, Rui (2011). Almanaque do FC Porto 1893–2011 (in Portuguese). Alfragide: Caderno. ISBN 9789892315430.