Norman Willison Simmonds FRSE FIB FLS (5[1][2] or 15[3][4] December 1922 – 4 January 2002)[1][4] was a British botanist. He was a world authority on the cultivation of bananas. He was the first non-American to be awarded the Bronx-based Society for Economic Botany's Distinguished Economic Botanist Award.[5]

Early life and education

He was born in Bedford on 5[1][2] or 15 December 1922[3][4] the son of a civil servant. He was educated at Whitgift School from 1934 to 1940. He won a scholarship to study natural sciences at the Downing College, Cambridge, and then in 1943 won a further scholarship to study at the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture on the island of Trinidad. In 1945, the college invited him to begin lecturing in botany. He received an M.A. in 1948.

Career

Simmonds was later Senior Cytogeneticist at the Banana Research Section on the island. During this time, he collected banana samples in East Africa in 1948 and further samples in Asia and Malaysia in 1954/5.[5][3] From 1959 to 1965 he was the head of the Potato Genetics Department of the John Innes Institute.[3][4] In 1965 he became Director of the Scottish Plant Breeding Station which was then in Pentlandfield, a suburb of Edinburgh.[3]

Awards and honours

The University of Cambridge awarded him with a doctorate (DSc) in 1966.[3] On March 2, 1970, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.[1] His proposers were Sir David Lowe, Sir Stephen John Watson, Hugh Paterson Donald and Noel Farnie Robertson.[6] In 1975, he was made an Honorary Professor of the University of Edinburgh.[3]

Death

He died in Edinburgh on 4 January 2002.[1][4][2]

Publications

Books

  • Taxonomy and Origins of the Cultivated Banana (1955)
  • Bananas (1959, 1966, and with Robert Stover in 1987)
  • Variability in Crop Plants (1962)
  • Evolution of Bananas (1962)
  • Evolution of Crop Plants (1976, ed. and author)
  • Principles of Crop Improvement (1979); 2nd edition with coauthor J. Smartt (1999)[7]
  • Plant Breeding: The State of the Art (1983)
  • Early Scottish Angling Literature (1997)

Articles

References

  1. ^ Spoor, William & Wilson, Peter. "Norman Willison Simmonds". Royal Society of Edinburgh
  2. ^ Lockwood, Rob (2003). "Professor Norman Simmonds - 5 December 1922 to 4 January 2002". Experimental Agriculture. 39 (1): 1–3. Cambridge University Press (CUP). doi:10.1017/s0014479702001096. ISSN 0014-4797
  3. ^ Spoor, William & England, Frederick (2001). "1. Dedication: Normal Willison Simmonds - Plant Breeder, Teacher, Administrator". Plant Breeding Reviews. Vol. 20. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–13. ISBN 9780470650189. ISSN 0730-2207
  4. ^ Dalyell, Tam (2014-04-19). "Professor Norman Simmonds". The Independent. Archived 18 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  5. ^ "Norman Simmonds". The banana knowledge platform of the ProMusa network. Retrieved 2019-06-02.
  6. ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-06-27.
  7. ^ Clement, Charles R. (October 2000). "Review of Principles of Crop Improvement, 2nd ed., by N. W. Simmonds and J. Smartt". BioScience. 50 (10): 912–914. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0912:CSOSAP2.0.CO;2]