Ministry of the Army
Native nameSpanish: Ministerio del Ejército
Formed9 August 1939 (age 87)
Preceding 1Ministry of National Defense
Dissolved4 July 1977 (age 49)
Superseding 1Ministry of Defence
JurisdictionSpanish Army
HeadquartersPalace of Buenavista
Minister1 nameLTG José Enrique Varela
Minister1 pfofirst Minister
Minister2 nameLTG Félix Álvarez-Arenas
Minister2 pfolast Minister

The Ministry of the Army (Spanish: Ministerio del Ejército) was a government department of Spain that was tasked with oversight of the Spanish Army (Ejército de Tierra) during the Francoist regime.

The ministry was created on 8 August 1939, after the end of the Spanish Civil War. It was dissolved on 4 July 1977 by the Royal Decree 1558/1977, being merged with the Ministry of Defence as part of the transition to democracy.

History

The Ministry of the Army originated in the Ministry of War, which existed from the 19th century to the Second Spanish Republic, coinciding with the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and the reorganization of the governmental structure. When the first government of Francisco Franco was formed in 1938, the Ministry of National Defense was established under the then commander of the Army of the North, Fidel Dávila Arrondo.[1] The three branches of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy and Air Force) were grouped under its control.[2] It was disestablished on 8 August 1939, after the end of the Civil War, when the ministries of Army, Navy and Air were created in the second government of Francisco Franco.[2] On 22 September the organic structure of the new ministerial department was organized.[3]

Over the years, the Ministry became a bureaucratic giant,[4] practically closed to society and the country that were progressively evolving.[5] The Ministry became a slow organism, without even a standardized and unified administrative criterion due to the internal contradictions of its different departments and the multiple competencies that each of them had.[6] The administrative inefficiency reached the point that sometimes the departments of the Ministry encountered problems in coordinating the Military Regions of Spain with each other.[6] Thus, the Ministry became the exponent of a bureaucratic office where it was possible to obtain a position or administrative charges depending on the services provided to the regime,[7] or to the rampant nepotism that prevailed within the Army.[8]

The Ministry was abolished by the Royal Decree 1558/1977 of 4 July 1977,[9] when Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez created the Ministry of Defence as part of his second government (formed following the 1977 general election[10]), which integrated the ministries of the Army, Navy and Air Force during the transition to democracy.

Organic structure

On 22 September 1939 the structure of the Ministry was organized, being composed of the following departments:[3]

The new Supreme Council of Military Justice regained functions and powers of the former Supreme Council of War and Navy, disappeared during the Second Republic following the military reform of Manuel Azaña (Azaña Law).[11] The powers of this tribunal were not limited only to the Army, but also the Navy and the Air Force. In addition, it implied the full restoration of the Code of Military Justice of 1890.

In the case of the Civil Guard, it was subject to the Ministry of the Army "in everything related to its organization, discipline, armament and personnel", but also depended in other areas of the Ministry of the Interior and Ministry of Finance.[12] The Carabineros were integrated into the Civil Guard in 1940 and disappeared, while the new Armed Police Corps, created in 1941, was also subject to the Army in some areas.[13]

List of ministers

No.PortraitName
(born–died)		Term of officePolitical partyGovernmentRef.
Took officeLeft officeTime in office

See also

References

  1. ^ Thomas (1976); pág. 811
  2. ^ Mariano Aguilar Olivencia (1999); pág. 38
  3. ^ "LEY DE 22 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1939 reorganizando el Ministerio del Ejército." (in Spanish). Boletín Oficial del Estado. ' (274): 5485. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. 22 September 1939. ISSN 0212-033X
  4. ^ Mariano Aguilar Olivencia (1999); pág. 123
  5. ^ Mariano Aguilar Olivencia (1999); pág. 127
  6. ^ Mariano Aguilar Olivencia (1999); pág. 124
  7. ^ Mariano Aguilar Olivencia (1999); pág. 56
  8. ^ Mariano Aguilar Olivencia (1999); pág. 224
  9. ^ "Real Decreto 1558/1977, de 4 de julio, por el que se reestructuran determinados Organos de la Administración Central del Estado." (in Spanish). Boletín Oficial del Estado. ' (159): 15035. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. 5 July 1977. ISSN 0212-033X
  10. ^ "Suárez, confirmado por el Rey, formará nuevo Gobierno" (in Spanish). El País. 18 June 1977. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  11. ^ Ballbé, Manuel (1983). Orden público y militarismo en la España constitucional (1812–1983) (in Spanish). Madrid: Alianza Editorial. p. 348.
  12. ^ Mariano Aguilar Olivencia (1999); pág. 59
  13. ^ Mariano Aguilar Olivencia (1999); pág. 60

Bibliography

  • Aguilar, Mariano (1999). El ejército español durante el franquismo (in Spanish). Madrid: Ediciones Akal. ISBN 84-460-0962-5.
  • Tamames Gómez, Ramón (1974). Historia de España Alfaguara VII. La República. La Era de Franco (in Spanish). Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
  • Hugh, Thomas (1976). La Guerra Civil Española (in Spanish). Barcelona: Grijalbo. ISBN 84-253-2767-9.