This article contains lists of quasars. More than a million quasars have been observed,[1] so any list on Wikipedia is necessarily a selection of them.

Proper naming of quasars is by Catalogue Entry, Qxxxx±yy using B1950 coordinates, or QSO Jxxxx±yyyy using J2000 coordinates. They may also use the prefix QSR. There are currently no quasars that are visible to the naked eye.

List of quasars

This is a list of exceptional quasars for characteristics otherwise not separately listed

QuasarNotes
Twin QuasarAssociated with a possible planet microlensing event in the gravitational lens galaxy that is doubling the Twin Quasar's image.
QSR J1819+3845Proved interstellar scintillation due to the interstellar medium.
CTA-102In 1965, Soviet astronomer Nikolai S. Kardashev posited that this quasar could be the source of signals from an alien civilization.[2]
CID-42Its supermassive black hole is being ejected and will one day become a displaced quasar.
TON 618TON 618 is a very distant and extremely luminous quasar—technically, a hyperluminous, broad-absorption line, radio-loud quasar—located near the North Galactic Pole in the constellation Canes Venatici.

List of named quasars

This is a list of quasars, with a common name, instead of a designation from a survey, catalogue or list.

QuasarOrigin of nameNotes
Twin QuasarFrom the fact that two images of the same quasar are produced by gravitational lensing.
Einstein CrossFrom the fact that gravitational lensing of the quasar forms a near perfect Einstein cross, a concept in gravitational lensing.
From the fact that there are three bright images of the same gravitationally lensed quasar.There are actually four images; the fourth is faint.
CloverleafFrom its appearance having similarity to the leaf of a clover. It has been gravitationally lensed into four images, of roughly similar appearance.
Teacup GalaxyThe name comes from the shape of the extended emission, which is shaped like the handle of a teacup. The handle is a bubble shaped by quasar winds or small-scale radio jets.Low redshift, highly obscured type 2 quasar.
PōniuāʻenaThe third most distant quasar known as of 2025, named for its early formation at most 100 million years after the Big Bang.Named as part of the A Hua He Inoa program by the ʻImiloa Astronomy Center.[3]

List of multiply imaged quasars

This is a list of quasars that as a result of gravitational lensing appear as multiple images on Earth.

QuasarImagesLensNotes
Twin Quasar2YGKOW G1First gravitationally lensed object discovered
Triple Quasar (PG 1115+080)4Originally discovered as 3 lensed images, the fourth image is faint. It was the second gravitationally lensed quasar discovered.
Einstein Cross4Huchra's LensFirst Einstein Cross discovered
RX J1131-1231's quasar4RX J1131-1231's elliptical galaxyRX J1131-1231 is the name of the complex, quasar, host galaxy and lensing galaxy, together. The quasar's host galaxy is also lensed into a Chwolson ring about the lensing galaxy. The four images of the quasar are embedded in the ring image.
Cloverleaf4[4]Brightest known high-redshift source of CO emission[5]
QSO B1359+1546CLASS B1359+154 and three more galaxiesFirst sextuply-imaged galaxy
SDSS J1004+41125Galaxy cluster at z = 0.68First quasar discovered to be multiply image-lensed by a galaxy cluster and currently the third largest quasar lens with the separation between images of 15[6][7][8]
SDSS J1029+26233Galaxy cluster at z = 0.6The current largest-separation quasar lens with 22.6 separation between furthest images[9][10][11]
SDSS J2222+27456[12]Galaxy cluster at z = 0.49[13]First sextuply-lensed galaxy[12] Third quasar discovered to be lensed by a galaxy cluster.[13] Quasar located at z = 2.82[13]
RX J0911.4+05514[14]Galaxy located at z = 0.76Gravitationally lensed object discovered by the ROSAT All-Sky survey in 1997. Quasar located at z = 2.800.[15]
CLASS B1152+1992Galaxy located at z = 0.43[16]
HE 1104-18052Galaxy located at z = 0.72[17]Also known as Double Hamburger.[18]
HE 2149-27452Galaxy at z = 0.60[19]Gravitationally lensed broad absorption object (BAL) at z = 2.033[20]
FBQ 0951+26352Galaxy located at z = 0.26[19]
HE0435-12234Elliptical galaxy of HE0435-1223 at z = 0.45[21]Quasar located at z = 1.689. Components arranged in cross figuration.[22]
SBS 0909+5322Lens galaxy of SBS 0909+532 at z = 0.83[23]Originally interpreted as a binary quasar but later revealed as a gravitationally lensed object.[24][25]
UM 6732Lens galaxy at z = 0.49[19]Quasar located at at z = 2.71, first discovered by J. Surdej (1988)[26]
CTQ 3272Lens galaxy between z = 0.4 and z= 0.6[27]
CTQ 4142Discovered in 1999. Quasar located at z = 1.29.[28]
HE 0230-21305Complex lensed system. Quasar located at z = 2.130.[29]
SDSS J1001+50272Lens galaxy at z = 0.3[30]
SDSS J1206+43322Lens galaxy at z = 0.74[30]
SDSS J0246-08252Lens galaxy at z = 0.724[31]Discovered by Scott Burles (2005).[31]
SDSS J0904+15122[32]Discovered in the SDSS Quasar Lens Search (2010)[32]
SDSS J1054+27332[32]Discovered in the SDSS Quasar Lens Search (2010)[32]
SDSS J1620+12032[32]Lens galaxy at z = 0.39[32]Discovered in the SDSS Quasar Lens Search (2010). Quasar located at z = 1.158[32]
SDSS J0746+44032[33]Lens galaxy at z = 0.513[32]Discovered in 2007. Quasar located at z = 2.00[33]

List of visual quasar associations

This is a list of double quasars, triple quasars, and the like, where quasars are close together in line-of-sight, but not physically related.

QuasarsCountNotes

QSO 1548+115

4C 11.50 (z = 0.436)
QSO B1548+115B (z = 1.901)
2[34][35]
QSO 1146+1118[36]
z represents redshift, a measure of recessional velocity and inferred distance due to cosmological expansion

List of physical quasar groups

This is a list of binary quasars, trinary quasars, and the like, where quasars are physically close to each other.

QuasarsCountNotes
quasars of SDSS J0841+3921 protocluster4First quasar quartet discovered.[37][38]
LBQS 1429-008 (QQQ 1432-0106)3First quasar triplet discovered.
It was first discovered as a binary quasar, before the third quasar was found.[39]

QQ2345+007 (Q2345+007)

Q2345+007A
Q2345+007B
2Originally thought to be a doubly imaged quasar, but actually a quasar couplet.[40]
QQQ J1519+06273[41]

Large Quasar Groups

Main article: Large Quasar Group

Large quasar groups (LQGs) are bound to a filament of mass, and not directly bound to each other.

LQGCountNotes
Webster LQG
(LQG 1)		5First LQG discovered. At the time of its discovery, it was the largest structure known.[42][43]
Huge-LQG
(U1.27)		73The largest structure known in the observable universe, as of 2013.[44][45]

List of quasars with apparent superluminal jet motion

This is a list of quasars with jets that appear to be superluminal due to relativistic effects and line-of-sight orientation. Such quasars are sometimes referred to as superluminal quasars.

QuasarSuperluminalityNotes
3C 2794cFirst quasar discovered with superluminal jets[46][47][48][49][50]
3C 1797.6cFifth discovered, first with double lobes[51]
3C 273This is also the first quasar ever identified[52]
3C 216
3C 345[52][53]
3C 380
4C 69.21
(Q1642+690, QSO B1642+690)
4C 39.25[54]
4C 38.41[55]
8C 1928+738
(Q1928+738, QSO J1927+73, Quasar J192748.6+735802)
PKS 0637-752

Quasars that have a recessional velocity greater than the speed of light (c) are very common. Any quasar with z > 1 is receding faster than c, while z exactly equal to 1 indicates recession at the speed of light.[56] Early attempts to explain superluminal quasars resulted in convoluted explanations with a limit of z = 2.326, or in the extreme z < 2.4.[57] The majority of quasars lie between z = 2 and z = 5.

Firsts

TitleQuasarYearDataNotes
First quasar discovered3C 481960First radio source for which optical identification was found, that was a star-like looking object
First "star" discovered later found to be a quasar
First radio source discovered later found to be a quasar
First quasar identified3C 2731962First radio-"star" found to be at a high redshift with a non-stellar spectrum.
First radio-quiet quasarQSO B1246+377 (BSO 1)1965The first radio-quiet quasi-stellar objects (QSO) were called Blue Stellar Objects or BSO, because they appeared like stars and were blue in color. They also had spectra and redshifts like radio-loud quasi-stellar radio-sources (QSR), so became quasars.[48][58][59]
First host galaxy of a quasar discovered3C 481982
First quasar found to seemingly not have a host galaxyHE0450-2958 (Naked Quasar)2005Some disputed observations suggest a host galaxy, others do not.
First multi-core quasarPG 1302-1022014Binary supermassive black holes within the quasar[60][61]
First quasar containing a recoiling supermassive black holeSDSS J0927+29432008Two optical emission line systems separated by 2650 km/s
First gravitationally lensed quasar identifiedTwin Quasar1979Lensed into 2 imagesThe lens is a galaxy known as YGKOW G1
First quasar found with a jet with apparent superluminal motion3C 2791971[46][47][48]
First quasar found with the classic double radio-lobe structure3C 471964
First quasar found to be an X-ray source3C 2731967[62]
First "dustless" quasar foundQSO J0303-0019 and QSO J0005-00062010[63][64][65][66][67][68][69]
First Large Quasar Group discoveredWebster LQG
(LQG 1)		1982[42][43]

Extremes

TitleQuasarDataNotes
Brightest3C 273Apparent magnitude of ~12.9Absolute magnitude: −26.7
Seemingly optically brightestAPM 08279+5255Seeming absolute magnitude of −32.2This quasar is gravitationally lensed; its actual absolute magnitude is estimated to be −30.5
Most luminousSMSS J215728.21-360215.1Absolute magnitude of −32.36Highest absolute magnitude discovered thus far.
Most powerful quasar radio source3C 273Also the most powerful radio source in the sky
Most powerfulSMSS J215728.21-360215.1
Most variable quasar radio sourceQSO J1819+3845 (Q1817+387)Also the most variable extrasolar radio source
Least variable quasar radio source
Most variable quasar optical source
Least variable quasar optical source
Most distantUHZ1z = 10.1Most distant quasar known as of 2023[70]
Most distant radio-quiet quasar
Most distant radio-loud quasarQSO J1427+3312z = 6.12Found June 2008[71][72]
Most distant blazar quasarPSO J0309+27z > 6
Least distantMarkarian 231600 Mly[73] inactive: IC 2497
Largest Large Quasar GroupHuge-LQG (U1.27)73 quasars[44][45]
Fastest Growing QuasarSMSS J052915.80–435152.0
(QSO J0529-4351)		~ 413 solar masses per year (using standard radiative efficiency);
~ 370 solar masses per year (using best-fit slim disc model)		[74][75]

First quasars found

First 10 Quasars Identified
RankQuasarDate of discoveryNotes
13C 2731963[76]
23C 481963[76]
33C 471964[76]
33C 1471964[76]
5CTA 1021965[77]
53C 2871965[77]
53C 2541965[77]
53C 2451965[77]
53C 91965[77]
These are the first quasars which were found and had their redshifts determined.

Most distant quasars

In 1964 a quasar became the most distant object in the universe for the first time. Quasars would remain the most distant objects in the universe until 1997, when a pair of non-quasar galaxies would take the title (galaxies CL 1358+62 G1 & CL 1358+62 G2 lensed by galaxy cluster CL 1358+62).[78]

In cosmic scales distance is usually indicated by redshift (denoted by z) which is a measure of recessional velocity and inferred distance due to cosmological expansion.

Quasars with z > 6[79]
QuasarDistanceNotes
UHZ1z = 10.1Most distant quasar known as of 2023[70][80]
QSO J0313–1806z = 7.64Former most distant quasar.[81][80]
ULAS J1342+0928z = 7.54Former most distant quasar.[82][80]
Pōniuāʻena (Q J1007+2115)z = 7.52[83][80]
ULAS J1120+0641
(ULAS J112001.48+064124.3)		z = 7.085Former most distant quasar. First quasar with z > 7.[84]
DELS J003836.10-152723.6z = 7.02[85]
HSC J235646.33+001747.3z = 7.01[86]
DES J025216.64-050331.8z = 7.00[87]
CHFQS J2348-3054
(CHFQS J234833.34-305410.0)		z = 6.90
PSO J172.3556+18.7734z = 6.82Currently the most distant radio-loud known quasar
HSC J135012.04-002705.2z = 6.49[86]
CFHQS J2329-0301
(CFHQS J232908-030158)		z = 6.43Former most distant quasar.[88][89][90][91]
SDSS J114816.64+525150.3
(SDSS J1148+5251)		z = 6.419Former most distant quasar.[92][93][94][91][95][96]
SDSS J1030+0524
(SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0)		z = 6.28Former most distant quasar. First quasar with z > 6.[97][95][98][99][100][101][102]
SDSS J104845.05+463718.3
(QSO J1048+4637)		z = 6.23[96]
SDSS J162331.81+311200.5
(QSO J1623+3112)		z = 6.22[96]
CFHQS J0033-0125
(CFHQS J003311-012524)		z = 6.13[89]
SDSS J125051.93+313021.9
(QSO J1250+3130)		z = 6.13[96]
CFHQS J1509-1749
(CFHQS J150941-174926)		z = 6.12[89]
QSO B1425+3326 / QSO J1427+3312z = 6.12Most distant radio-quasar.[71][103]
SDSS J160253.98+422824.9
(QSO J1602+4228)		z = 6.07[96]
SDSS J163033.90+401209.6
(QSO J1630+4012)		z = 6.05[96]
CFHQS J1641+3755
(CFHQS J164121+375520)		z = 6.04[89]
SDSS J113717.73+354956.9
(QSO J1137+3549)		z = 6.01[96]
SDSS J081827.40+172251.8
(QSO J0818+1722)		z = 6.00[96]
SDSSp J130608.26+035626.3
(QSO J1306+0356)		z = 5.99[100][101][102]
Most Distant Quasar by Type
TypeQuasarDateDistanceNotes
Most distantUHZ12023z = 10.2[104]
Most distant radio loud quasarQSO B1425+3326 / QSO J1427+33122008z = 6.12
Most distant radio quiet quasar
Most distant OVV quasar
Most Distant Quasar Titleholders
QuasarDateDistanceNotes
UHZ12023–z = 10.2Current distance record holder [104][70]
QSO J0313−18062021–2023z = 7.64[81][104]
ULAS J1342+09282017–2021z = 7.54[105]
ULAS J1120+06412011–2017z = 7.085Not the most distant object when discovered. First quasar with z > 7.[84]
CFHQS J2329-0301
(CFHQS J232908-030158)		2007–2011z = 6.43Not the most distant object when discovered. It did not exceed IOK-1 (z = 6.96), which was discovered in 2006.[88][89][90][91][106][107][108]
SDSS J114816.64+525150.3
(SDSS J1148+5251)		2003–2007z = 6.419Not the most distant object when discovered. It did not exceed HCM 6A galaxy lensed by Abell 370 at z = 6.56, discovered in 2002. Also discovered around the time of discovery was a new most distant galaxy, SDF J132418.3+271455 at z = 6.58.[92][93][94][91][106][109][110][111][112][113]
SDSS J1030+0524
(SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0)		2001–2003z = 6.28Most distant object when discovered. First object with z > 6.[97][95][98][99][101][102]
SDSS 1044-0125
(SDSSp J104433.04-012502.2)		2000–2001z = 5.82Most distant object when discovered. It exceeded galaxy SSA22-HCM1 (z = 5.74; discovered in 1999) as the most distant object.[114][115][101][102][106][116][117]
RD300
(RD J030117+002025)		2000z = 5.50Not the most distant object when discovered. It did not surpass galaxy SSA22-HCM1 (z = 5.74; discovered in 1999).[118][119][115][120][106]
SDSSp J120441.73−002149.6
(SDSS J1204-0021)		2000z = 5.03Not the most distant object when discovered. It did not surpass galaxy SSA22-HCM1 (z = 5.74; discovered in 1999).[120][106]
SDSSp J033829.31+002156.3
(QSO J0338+0021)		1998–2000z = 5.00First quasar discovered with z > 5. Not the most distant object when discovered. It did not surpass galaxy BR1202-0725 LAE (z = 5.64; discovered earlier in 1998).[106][114][121][122][123][124][125]
PC 1247+34061991–1998z = 4.897Most distant object when discovered.[114][126][127][128][129]
PC 1158+46351989–1991z = 4.73Most distant object when discovered.[114][129][130][131][132][133]
Q0051-2791987–1989z = 4.43Most distant object when discovered.[134][130][133][135][136][137]
Q0000-26
(QSO B0000-26)		1987z = 4.11Most distant object when discovered.[134][130][138]
PC 0910+5625
(QSO B0910+5625)		1987z = 4.04Most distant object when discovered; second quasar with z > 4.[114][130][139][140]
Q0046–293
(QSO J0048-2903)		1987z = 4.01Most distant object when discovered; first quasar with z > 4.[134][130][139][141][142]
Q1208+1011
(QSO B1208+1011)		1986–1987z = 3.80Most distant object when discovered and a gravitationally-lensed double-image quasar. From the time of discovery to 1991, had the least angular separation between images, 0.45.[139][143][144]
PKS 2000-330
(QSO J2003-3251, Q2000-330)		1982–1986z = 3.78Most distant object when discovered.[56][139][145][146]
OQ172
(QSO B1442+101)		1974–1982z = 3.53Most distant object when discovered.[147][148][149]
OH471
(QSO B0642+449)		1973–1974z = 3.408Most distant object when discovered; first quasar with z > 3. Nicknamed "the blaze marking the edge of the universe".[147][149][150][151][152]
4C 05.341970–1973z = 2.877Most distant object when discovered. The redshift was so much greater than the previous record that it was believed to be erroneous, or spurious.[56][57][149][153][154]
5C 02.56
(7C 105517.75+495540.95)		1968–1970z = 2.399Most distant object when discovered.[154][155][78]
4C 25.05
(4C 25.5)		1968z = 2.358Most distant object when discovered.[154][78][156]
PKS 0237-23
(QSO B0237-2321)		1967–1968z = 2.225Most distant object when discovered.[56][156][157][158][159]
4C 12.39
(Q1116+12, PKS 1116+12)		1966–1967z = 2.1291Most distant object when discovered.[78][159][160][161]
4C 01.02
(Q0106+01, PKS 0106+1)		1965–1966z = 2.0990Most distant object when discovered.[78][159][160][162]
3C 91965z = 2.018Most distant object when discovered; first quasar with z > 2.[2][58][159][163][164][165]
3C 1471964–1965z = 0.545First quasar to become the most distant object in the universe, beating radio galaxy 3C 295.[166][167][168][169]
3C 481963–1964z = 0.367Second quasar redshift measured. Redshift was discovered after publication of 3C273's results prompted researchers to re-examine spectroscopic data. Not the most distant object when discovered. The radio galaxy 3C 295 was found in 1960 with z = 0.461.[48][56][170][171][172][76][166]
3C 2731963z = 0.158First quasar redshift measured. Not the most distant object when discovered. The radio galaxy 3C 295 was found in 1960 with z = 0.461.[48][76][171][172][173]

Most powerful quasars

10 most luminous quasars
RankQuasarDataRefs.
1SMSS J215728.21-360215.1Intrinsic bolometric luminosity of ~ 6.9 × 1014 Suns or ~ 2.6 × 1041 watts[174]
2HS 1946+7658Intrinsic bolometric luminosity in excess of 1014 Suns or 1041 watts[175][176]
3SDSS J155152.46+191104.0Luminosity of over 1041 watts[177][178]
4HS 1700+6416Luminosity of over 1041 watts[179]
5SDSS J010013.02+280225.8Luminosity of around 1.62 × 1041 watts[180]
6SBS 1425+606Luminosity of over 1041 watts – optically brightest for z>3[181]
J1144-4308Luminosity of 4.7 × 1040 watts or M_i(z=2) = −29.74 mag, optically brightest in last 9 Gyr[182]
SDSS J074521.78+473436.2[183][184]
S5 0014+813[179][185]
SDSS J160455.39+381201.6z = 2.51, M(i) = 15.84
SDSS J085543.40-001517.7[186]

See also

References

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