| States | United States |
|---|---|
| Region | California |
| Ethnicity | Karkin people |
| Extinct | 1850s |
| Ref | e16 |
| Familycolor | penutian |
| Fam 1 | Yok-Utian |
| Fam 2 | Utian |
| Fam 3 | Ohlone |
| Iso 3 | krb |
| Glotto | kark1259 |
| Glottorefname | Karkin |
| Altname | Carquin |
The Karkin language (also called Los Carquines in Spanish) is an extinct Ohlone language. It was formerly spoken in north central California, but by the 1850s there were no more native speakers.[1] The language was historically spoken by the Karkin people, who lived in the Carquinez Strait region in the northeast portion of the San Francisco Bay estuary.[2] The name 'Karkin' means 'trader' in some varieties of Ohlone.[3]
Karkin's only documentation is a single vocabulary obtained by linguist-missionary Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta at Mission Dolores in 1821.[2] Although meager, the records of Karkin show that it constituted a distinct branch of Ohlone, strikingly different from the neighboring Chochenyo Ohlone language and other Ohlone languages spoken farther south.[4]
Vocabulary
Numerals
| Numeral | Karkin |
|---|---|
| 1 | nisthrjan |
| 2 | othsjin |
| 3 | capjan |
| 4 | cathrahuas |
| 5 | misuru |
| 6 | tanipos |
| 7 | kenetis |
| 8 | othronacantumus |
| 9 | talan |
| 10 | tagthreithris |
Notes
- ^ e16
- ^ Milliken 1995, p. 238.
- ^ Golla, Victor (2011). California Indian languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26667-4. OCLC 668191602
- ^ Beeler 1961.
- ^ Callaghan 1988, p. 440.
References
- Beeler, M. S. (July 1961). "Northern Costanoan". International Journal of American Linguistics. 27 (3): 191–197. doi:10.1086/464632. ISSN 0020-7071
- Callaghan, Catherine A. (January 1997). "Evidence for Yok-Utian". International Journal of American Linguistics. 63 (1): 18–64. doi:10.1086/466313. ISSN 0020-7071
- Golla, Victor (2007). "Linguistic Prehistory". California prehistory: colonization, culture, and complexity. Jones, Terry L. & Klar, Kathryn A. (eds.). Lanham (Md.): AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0872-1.
- Milliken, Randall (1995). A time of little choice: the disintegration of tribal culture in the San Francisco Bay area, 1769-1810. Ballena Press anthropological papers. Menlo Park, CA : Novato, CA: Ballena Press ; Orders, Ballena Press Publishers' Services. ISBN 978-0-87919-132-0.
- Milliken, Randall T. (2008). Native Americans at Mission San Jose. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press. ISBN 978-0879191481.
Further reading
- Callaghan, Catherine A. (October 1988). "Karkin Revisited". International Journal of American Linguistics. 54 (4): 436–452. doi:10.1086/466096. ISSN 0020-7071
External links
- Karkin language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- Costanoan/Ohlone Indian Language
- "OLAC resources in and about the Karkin language". Retrieved 2012-12-09.