| Fossil range | (Vallesian to Turolian) |
|---|---|
| Taxon | Ictitherium |
| Authority | Wagner, 1848 |
| Type species | Ictitherium viverrinum |
| Type species authority | Roth & Wagner, 1854 |
| Subdivision ranks | Species |
| Subdivision |
|
Ictitherium (meaning "weasel beast") is an extinct genus belonging to the family Hyaenidae and the subfamily Ictitheriinae erected by Trouessart in 1897.[1] Ictitherium lived throughout Eurasia during the Late Miocene.[2]
Description
Ictitherium were mid-sized gracile hyenas around 1.2 metres (4 ft) long. Their morphology is convergent with that of the maned wolf, with long, stilt-like gracile legs that likely helped it stride through the tall grass of the savannas and grasslands it inhabited.[3]
[citation needed]
Palaeoecology
It is speculated that I. viverrinum was an opportunistic feeder,[4] and that it ate plants as well as medium-small mammals and birds.[5] It would have consumed bone, as its teeth were much more suited for osteophagy than more basal hyaenids because its Hunter-Schreger bands (HSBs) were zigzag throughout the enamel with the exception of the cervix.[6] I. viverrinum occupied a similar ecological niche as and competed with Hyaenictitherium wongii.[7] Ictitherium was a very successful and abundant genus, with multiple fossils often being found at a single site.[8] Based on studies of its limb morphology, it likely stalked through tall grass on its stilt-like legs, searching for prey before pouncing much like the modern maned wolf.[3]
References
- ^ "Paleobiology Database: Ictitherium basic info.". Archived 13 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
- ^ Werdelin, Lars & Solounias, Nikos (1991). "The Hyaenidae: taxonomy, systematics, and evolution". Fossils and Strata. 30: 1–104. doi:10.18261/8200374815-1991-01. ISBN 82-00-37481-5.
- ^ van der Hoek, J. & Werdelin, L. (2024). "A hyaena on stilts: comparison of the limb morphology of Ictitherium ebu (Mammalia: Hyaenidae) from the Late Miocene of Lothagam, Turkana Basin, Kenya with extant Canidae and Hyaenidae". PeerJ. 12. doi:10.7717/peerj.17405. PMC 11172688. PMID 38873642
- ^ Rivals, Florent; Belyaev, Ruslan I.; Basova, Vera B.; Prilepskaya, Natalya E. (15 May 2024). "A tale from the Neogene savanna: Paleoecology of the hipparion fauna in the northern Black Sea region during the late Miocene". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 642. Bibcode:2024PPP...64212133R. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112133
- ^ "Carnivoran Dietary Adaptations: A Multiproxy Study on the Feeding Ecology of the Fossil Carnivorans of Greece". 14 Feb 2021.
- ^ Ferretti, Marco P. (20 April 2006). "Evolution of bone-cracking adaptations in hyaenids (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Swiss Journal of Geosciences. 100 (1): 41–52. doi:10.1007/s00015-007-1212-6. ISSN 1661-8726. Retrieved 4 November 2025. – via Springer Nature Link.
- ^ Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Roussiakis, Socrates; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Koufos, George (30 January 2023). "Interspecific competition in ictitheres (Carnivora: Hyaenidae) from the Late Miocene of Eurasia". Comptes Rendus Palevol. ' (3). doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a3. ISSN 1777-571X. Retrieved 14 August 2025. – via Publications Scientifiques.
- ^ Palmer, D. (ed.) (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 221. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.