A democratic transition describes a phase in a country's political system as a result of an ongoing change from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one.[1][2][3] The process is known as democratisation, political changes moving in a democratic direction.[4] Democratization waves have been linked to sudden shifts in the distribution of power among the great powers, which created openings and incentives to introduce sweeping domestic reforms.[5][6] Although transitional regimes experience more civil unrest,[7][8] they may be considered stable in a transitional phase for decades at a time.[9][10][11] Since the end of the Cold War transitional regimes have become the most common form of government.[12][13] Scholarly analysis of the decorative nature of democratic institutions concludes that the opposite democratic backsliding (autocratization), a transition to authoritarianism, is the most prevalent basis of modern hybrid regimes.[14][15][16]

Typology

Autocratization

Main article: Autocratization
Further information: Democratic backsliding by country

Democratisation

Main article: Democratization

Factors

Decolonization

Main article: Decolonization

Democratic globalization

Main article: Democratic globalization

Democracy promotion

Main article: Democracy promotion

Outcomes

Democratic consolidation

Main article: Democratic consolidation

Stalled transition

Hybrid regime

Main article: Hybrid regime

Measurement

Main article: Democracy indices

See also

References

  1. ^ Arugay, Aries A. (2021). "Democratic Transitions". The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–7. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_190-1. ISBN 978-3-319-74336-3. S2CID 240235199
  2. ^ Munck, G.L. (2001). "Democratic Transitions". International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier. pp. 3425–3428. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/01135-9. ISBN 9780080430768.
  3. ^ Cassani, Andrea & Tomini, Luca (2019). "Authoritarian resurgence: towards a unified analytical framework". Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica. 49 (2): 115–120. Cambridge University Press (CUP). doi:10.1017/ipo.2019.14. hdl:2434/666535. ISSN 0048-8402. S2CID 199298876
  4. ^ Huntington, Samuel P. (2009). "How Countries Democratize". Political Science Quarterly. 124 (1): 31–69. [The Academy of Political Science, Wiley]. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00641.x. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 25655609. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  5. ^ Gunitsky, Seva (2014). "From Shocks to Waves: Hegemonic Transitions and Democratization in the Twentieth Century". International Organization. 68 (3): 561–597. doi:10.1017/S0020818314000113. ISSN 0020-8183. S2CID 232254486
  6. ^ Gunitsky, Seva (2017). Aftershocks. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17233-0.
  7. ^ Cook, Scott J & Savun, Burcu (2016). "New democracies and the risk of civil conflict". Journal of Peace Research. 53 (6): 745–757. SAGE Publications. doi:10.1177/0022343316660756. ISSN 0022-3433. S2CID 114918000
  8. ^ Crocker, C.A.; Hampson, F.O.; Aall, P. (2016). Managing Conflict in a World Adrift. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-928096-48-1. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  9. ^ Sönmez, Hakan (2020-09-30). "Democratic Backsliding or Stabilization?". Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science. 46: 54–78. International Association for Political Science Students. doi:10.22151/politikon.46.3. ISSN 2414-6633
  10. ^ Geddes, Barbara (1999). "What Do We Know About Democratization After Twenty Years?". Annual Review of Political Science. 2 (1): 115–144. Annual Reviews. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.115. ISSN 1094-2939
  11. ^ Törnberg, Anton (2018). "Combining transition studies and social movement theory: towards a new research agenda". Theory and Society. 47 (3): 381–408. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s11186-018-9318-6. ISSN 0304-2421. S2CID 255015393
  12. ^ Leonardo Morlino; Dirk Berg-Schlosser; Bertrand Badie (6 March 2017). Political Science: A Global Perspective. SAGE. pp. 112–. ISBN 978-1-5264-1303-1. OCLC 1124515503
  13. ^ Brownlee, Jason (2009). "Portents of Pluralism: How Hybrid Regimes Affect Democratic Transitions". American Journal of Political Science. 53 (3): 515–532. [Midwest Political Science Association, Wiley]. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00384.x. ISSN 0092-5853. JSTOR 25548135
  14. ^ "Home - IDEA Global State of Democracy Report". International IDEA. Retrieved Nov 26, 2022.
  15. ^ Hameed, Dr. Muntasser Majeed (Jun 30, 2022). "Hybrid regimes: An Overview". IPRI Journal. 22 (1): 1–24. Islamabad Policy Research Institute - IPRI. doi:10.31945/iprij.220101. ISSN 1684-9787. S2CID 251173436
  16. ^ Caballero-Anthony, M. (2009). Political Change, Democratic Transitions and Security in Southeast Asia. Routledge Security in Asia Pacific Series. Taylor & Francis. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-135-26840-4. Retrieved 2023-04-27.

Further reading