| Coordinates | 31.143°N 97.170°E |
|---|---|
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Autonomous region | Tibet |
| Prefecture seat | Karub District (Chengguan) |
| Area total | 110154 km² |
| Elevation | 3240 m |
| Population as of | 2019 |
| Population total | 798,067 |
| Total | CN¥ 27.9 billion US$ 4.3 billion |
| Per capita | CN¥ 36,574 US$ 5,668 |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Iso code | CN-XZ-03 |
| Piccap | "Qamdo" in Chinese characters |
|---|---|
| Tib | ཆབ་མདོ། |
| Wylie | chab mdo |
| Zwpy | Qamdo |
| C | 昌都 |
| P | Chāngdū |
Chamdo, officially Qamdo[1][2] () and also known in Chinese as Changdu (simplified Chinese: 昌都; pinyin: Chang Du),[3] is a prefecture-level city in the eastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Its seat is the town of Chengguan in Karuo District. Chamdo is Tibet's third largest city after Lhasa and Shigatse.[4]
Chamdo is divided into 11 county-level divisions: one district and ten counties. The main district is Karuo District. Other counties include Jonda County, Gonjo County, Riwoche County, Dengqen County, Zhag'yab County, Baxoi County, Zognang County, Maarkam County, Lhorong County, and Banbar County.
History
Wang Qimei and Zhang Guohua led 40,000 People's Liberation Army soldiers in an attack against the 8,000 soldiers of the Tibetan Army defending Chamdo on 7 October 1950. Over 5,700 Tibetans died after fighting 21 battles by 19 October, and Provincial Governor Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme was captured.[5] The fall of Chamdo resulted in the Tibetan government submitting to China's demands.[6]
On 11 July 2014 Chamdo Prefecture was upgraded into a prefecture-level city.[7]
Languages
Languages spoken in Chamdo include Khams Tibetan and the Chamdo languages of Lamo, Larong, and Drag-yab.[8]
Transportation
From 1951 to 1954, the Chinese army constructed a 2,300 kilometre long highway from Ya'an to Lhasa that went through Chamdo.[9]
Subdivisions
The city is subdivided into 11 county-level divisions: 1 district and 10 counties.
| Map | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Population (2010 Census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |
| Karuo District | 卡若区 | Kǎruò Qū | mkhar ro chus | 116,500 | 10,794 | 10.79 | ||
| Jomda County | 江达县 | Jiāngdá Xiàn | 'jo mda' rdzong | 76,026 | 13,164 | 5.77 | ||
| Gonjo County | 贡觉县 | Gòngjué Xiàn | go 'jo rdzong | 40,434 | 6,323 | 6.39 | ||
| Riwoqê County | 类乌齐县 | Lèiwūqí Xiàn | ri bo che rdzong | 49,870 | 6,355 | 7.84 | ||
| Dêngqên County | 丁青县 | Dīngqīng Xiàn | steng chen rdzong | 69,888 | 12,408 | 5.63 | ||
| Zhag'yab County | 察雅县 | Cháyǎ Xiàn | brag g-yab rdzong | 56,789 | 8,251 | 6.88 | ||
| Baxoi County | 八宿县 | Bāsù Xiàn | dpa' shod rdzong | 39,021 | 12,336 | 3.16 | ||
| Zogang County | 左贡县 | Zuǒgòng Xiàn | mdzo sgang rdzong | 44,320 | 11,837 | 3.74 | ||
| Markam County | 芒康县 | Mángkāng Xiàn | smar khams rdzong | 81,399 | 11,576 | 7.03 | ||
| Lhorong County | 洛隆县 | Luòlóng Xiàn | lho rong rdzong | 47,491 | 8,048 | 5.90 | ||
| Banbar County | 边坝县 | Biānbà Xiàn | dpal 'bar rdzong | 35,767 | 8,774 | 4.07 | ||
Climate
Chamdo has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwb) in the Karub District and an alpine subarctic climate (Köppen: Dwc) in other counties.
See also
References
- ^ 国家测绘局地名研究所 [National Surveying Bureau Place Names Research Institute] (1997). zh:中国地名录 [Gazetteer of China]. Beijing: SinoMaps Press. p. 27. ISBN 7-5031-1718-4.
- ^ "New city to be established in China's Tibet". The State Council of the People's Republic of China. Xinhua. Archived 27 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
- ^ Powers, John (2016). "Appendix B". The Buddha Party: How the People's Republic of China Works to Define and Control Tibetan Buddhism. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199358151.
PINYIN= Changdu Zhen
- ^ Buckley and Straus 1986, p. 215.
- ^ Library of Tibetan Works and Archives 2011, p. 29.
- ^ Goldstein 1991, p. 59.
- ^ Yang, Shoude. "zh:西藏东部昌都地区将撤地设市 已获国务院批复" (in zh-cn). Xinhua Qinghai. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ Tashi Nyima & Hiroyuki Suzuki (2019). "Newly recognised languages in Chamdo: Geography, culture, history, and language". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 42 (1): 38–81. doi:10.1075/ltba.18004.nyi. ISSN 0731-3500
- ^ Ginsburgs & Mathos 1960, p. 102.
Works cited
- "Promises and Lies: "The 17-Point Agreement"". The Tibet Journal. 36 (1): 27–45. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. 2011. JSTOR tibetjournal.36.1.27
- Ginsburgs, George & Mathos, Michael (1960). "Communist China's Impact on Tibet: The First Decade". Far Eastern Survey. 29 (7): 102–109. Institute of Pacific Relations. doi:10.2307/3024138. JSTOR 3024138
- Goldstein, Melvyn (1991). "Tibet: After the Fall of Chamdo". The Tibet Journal. 16 (1): 58–95. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. JSTOR 43302217