The Build! Build! Build! Infrastructure Program (BBB) was the infrastructure program of the administration of Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th president of the Philippines. A key component of his socioeconomic policy, the program aimed to reduce poverty, encourage economic growth and reduce congestion in Metro Manila, and address the country's infrastructure gap.[1][2] Launched on April 18, 2017 and mainly implemented by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) under Secretary Mark Villar,[3] the program also included the continuation of 44 infrastructure projects under previous administrations.[4][5] By November 2021, DPWH Undersecretary Emil K. Sadain was appointed by Duterte as the program's "chief implementer" after Villar's resignation from the agency.[6]

The Build! Build! Build! program was superseded by the Build Better More (BBM) infrastructure program of the administration of Duterte's successor, Bongbong Marcos.[7] government officials have described the new program as an expansion of the BBB program.

List of associated projects

In November 2019, the government revised its list of flagship infrastructure projects under the program, expanding it to 100.[8][9] It was revised again in August 2020, bringing the total number of projects to 104, expanding its scope included health, information and communications technology, as well as water infrastructure projects to support the country's economic growth and recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 11, 2020, 24 projects were still in the approval & planning stages, while 80 were under implementation.[10]

Public transportation

ProjectConstructionStatusCompletion dateRef.
Rail transportation
Cebu Monorail System[11]
LRT Line 1 south extension2019–2024November 15, 2024[12]
LRT Line 2 east extension2015–2021July 5, 2021[13]
LRT Line 2 west extension[11]
LRT Line 6[11]
Metro Manila Subway (Phase 1)2019–2029-32[14][15][16]
Mindanao Railway Phase 1 (Tagum–Davao–Digos Segment)[17][18]
MRT Line 3 rehabilitation2019–2022March 22, 2022[11]
MRT Line 4[11]
MRT Line 72016–2027[19][20]
MRT Line 10[11][21]
MRT Line 11[11][21]
North Triangle Common Station2017–2027[22][20]
Panay Railway[23]
PNR North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR)2019–2027[24]
PNR South Long Haul (or PNR Bicol)[24][25][26][27]
SkyTrain (Fort Bonifacio–Makati SkyTrain)[11][28]
Subic–Clark Railway[29][30][31]
Urban transportation
Cebu BRT System2023–[11]
Davao Public Transport Modernization project[11]
EDSA Busway Concourse project2021–20222022[32]
Metro Manila BRT Line 1 (Quezon Avenue)[11]
Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange2015–2018November 5, 2018[11]
Taguig Integrated Terminal Exchange2018–20272027[11]

Roads

ProjectConstructionStatusCompletion dateRef.
Bacolod–Negros Occidental Economic Highway2017–20242024[11][33]
Boracay Circumferential Road2018–2022March 12, 2022[11][34][35]
Cabagan–Santa Maria Bridge2014–2025February 1, 2025[36]
Cagayan de Oro Coastal Road1997–2017November 10, 2017[11][37]
Camalig Bypass Road2018–2021June 15, 2021[38]
Camarines Sur High-Speed Highway2019–[11]
Davao City Bypass Road2020–20222022[39]
Davao City Coastal Road2017–2023July 1, 2023[39]
EDSA GreenwaysLate 20252028[11][40][41][42][43]
Iconic Bridges Project: Alcala Bridge2025–[11][44][better source needed]
Iconic Bridges Project: Camalaniugan Bridge2021–January 2026[11][45][46][47]
Iconic Bridges Project: Pinacanauan Bridge 22022–2028[11][48][49]
Iconic Bridges Project: Solana-Tuguegarao Bridge2022–December 19, 2024[11][50][51]
Improving Growth Corridors in Mindanao Road Sector Project (former Tawi-Tawi Interlink Bridge and Guicam Bridge)[52]
Mindanao Development Road Network[52]
New Bacolod Economic Highway[52]
Pasacao–Balatan Tourism Coastal Highway2019–[11]
Road Network Development Project in Conflict Affected Areas in Mindanao[52]
Samar Pacific Coastal Road2018–2022June 28, 2022[11][53]
Sariaya Bypass Road2014–2021October 21, 2021[54]
Sindangan-Bayog-Lakewood Road2014–20222022[11]
Sorsogon City Coastal Road2015–2020August 30, 2020[55]
Surallah-T'boli-San Jose Road2016–20222022[11]
Urdaneta City Bypass Road2019–2021January 18, 2021[11][56]
Inter-island Bridges
Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge2022-20272027[57]
Cebu–Mactan Bridge and Coastal Road Construction project[11]
Coron–Culion Bridge2021–[58]
Mindoro–Batangas Super Bridge[59]
Panay–Guimaras–Negros Bridge (Phase 1)[11]
Panglao-Tagbilaran City Offshore Connector Bridge[11]
Panguil Bay Bridge2021–2024September 27, 2024[52][60]
Samal Island–Davao City Connector2022–September 2028[11][61][62]
Roma Point Bridge2018–[63]
Expressways[a]
Davao City Expressway[11]
Metro Cebu Expressway2018–[52][64][65]
Pasig River Expressway[66][67]
Luzon Spine Expressway Network[52][68]
C-5 Southlink Expressway2016–20222022[69][70]
Cavite–Laguna Expressway (CALAX)April 2017–[71][72]
Cavite–Tagaytay–Batangas Expressway[11][73]
Central Luzon Link Expressway (CLLEX)2017–2021July 15, 2021[68]
Metro Manila Skyway Stage 32014–2021January 15, 2021[74][70]
North Luzon East Expressway (NLEE)[68]
NLEX Harbor Link2014–2020June 15, 2020[70][75]
NLEX Harbor Link Extension to Anda Circle[11]
NLEX Connector2019–2025[74][69][70][76]
Plaridel Bypass Road (Phase 2 and 3)2014–2020December 2020[77]
Quezon–Bicol Expressway[11]
Southeast Metro Manila Expressway (SEMME)2018–20222022[69]
SLEX Elevated Extension2019–2021February 15, 2022[70]
SLEX Toll Road 42019–2029[68][78]
SLEX Toll Road 5March 2025–[68][79]
Subic Freeport Expressway Expansion2019–2021February 19, 2021[80]
Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway (TPLEX) Extension[68]
Metro Manila Logistics Improvement Network[81]
Binondo–Intramuros Bridge2018–2022April 5, 2022[81][70]
Eastbank–Westbank Bridge 22021–20232023[82]
New Estrella–Pantaleon Bridge2019–2021July 29, 2021[81][70]
Bonifacio Global City-Ortigas Center Link Road (Santa Monica–Lawton Bridge and Viaduct)2018–2021September 30, 2021[81][70]
J.P. Rizal–Lopez Jaena Bridge[82]
J.P. Rizal–St. Mary Bridge[82]
Laguna Lake Highway2016–2018November 15, 2018[69]
Lawton Avenue Expansion2017–2022May 2022[83]
Marikina–Vista Real Bridge[82]
Mindanao Avenue Extension2017–[69][70]
North–South Harbor Bridge2021–20232023[82]
Palanca–Villegas Bridge2021–20232023[82]
Metro Manila Priority Bridges Seismic Improvement Project[82]
Guadalupe Bridge Rehabilitation[82][69]
Lambingan Bridge Vertical Improvement[82][69]

Notes

  1. ^ The Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway (CCLEX, constructed from 2017 to 2022), although often cited as part the Build! Build! Build! program, is not officially enumerated among the program's projects.[119][120][121]

Airports

ProjectConstructionStatusCompletion dateRef.
Bacolod–Silay International Airport[11]
Bicol International Airport Development project (New Legazpi)2016–2021October 7, 2021[84]
Bohol–Panglao International Airport (New Bohol International Airport)2016–2018November 27, 2018[85]
Calbayog Airport expansion2017–2021May 5, 2021
Clark International Airport expansion project Phase 12017–2022May 2, 2022[86][87]
M'lang (Central Mindanao) Airport Development project[11]
Francisco Bangoy International Airport expansion[11]
General Santos International Airport expansion2018–2021November 2021[88]
Iloilo International Airport expansion[11]
Kalibo International Airport expansion2018–2021June 4, 2021[11][89]
Laguindingan Airport expansion[11]
Mactan–Cebu International Airport expansion2015–2021May 5, 2021[90]
New Manila International Airport2020–20262026[91]
Ninoy Aquino International Airport expansion[11]
Puerto Princesa International Airport expansion[92]
Sangley Point Airport2019–2020February 15, 2020[93]
Siquijor Airport upgrading and expansion2018–2021August 26, 2021[94]
Cagayan North International Airport (Lal-lo International Airport)?–18March 23, 2018[84]

Seaports

ProjectConstructionStatusCompletion DateRef.
Borac Port?–2019November 2019[95]
New Cebu International Container Port2021–2024March 28, 2024[11]
Port of San Fernando2019–2020June 2020[95]
Port of Bataraza?–2018February 15, 2018[95]

Urban development

ProjectConstructionStatusCompletion dateRef.
Ambal Simuay River and Rio Grande de Mindanao Flood Control projects[29]
Bayanihan 2 Bike Lane Networks2021June 30, 2021[96][97][98]
Cavite Industrial Area Flood Management Program[99]
Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi (Output 2: Reconstruction and Development Plan for a Greater Marawi, Stage 2)2017–20222022[11]
Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Low-Lying Areas of Pampanga Bay2018–2022March 2022[11][100]
Leyte Tide Embankment2016–20222022[52]

Marawi Rehabilitation (China Grant)

a.) Bridge and Bypass project
b.) Grand Padian Market and Sports Complex
2017–2021December 2021[11]

New Clark City Phase 1:

a.) National Government Administrative Center Phase 1A
b.) Filinvest Mixed Use Industrial Development Phase 1 (Site Development)
2016–2019October 2019[11][87][101]
Pasig–Marikina River Channel Improvement project (Phase IV)
Reconstruction and Development Plan for Greater Marawi2017–20222022[11]

Water resources

ProjectConstructionStatusCompletion dateRef.
Angat Water Transmission Improvement project2016–2020June 2020[102]
Aqueduct No. 7 project[11]
Balog-Balog Multipurpose project Phase II[11]
Bohol Northeast Basin Multipurpose Dam project[11][99]
Chico Pump Irrigation project2018–2022June 2022[103][104]
Jalaur River Multipurpose project Phase II2019–20222022[11][105]
Lower Agno River Irrigation System Improvement project2018–2022December 2022[22]
National Irrigation Sector Rehabilitation and Improvement project2013–[11]
New Centennial Water Source – Kaliwa Dam project2026[11][99][106]
Malitubog-Maridagao Irrigation project[11]
Water District Development Sector projects (ADB-WDDSP)[11]
Wawa Bulk Water Supply project2022–20252025[11]
Agus 3 Hydroelectric Power project (225 MW)[11]
Agus-Pulangi Hydropower Rehabilitation project[11]

Information and communications technology

ProjectConstructionStatusCompletion DateRef.
ICT Capability Development and Management Program[11][107]
LTO Central Command CenterFebruary 4, 2022[11][108][26]
Luzon Bypass Infrastructure project[11][87][107]
Motor Vehicle Recognition and Enhancement System[11]
National Broadband Program[11][107]
National Government Data Center[11]
National Interoperable Automatic Fare Collection System project (formerly Automated Fare Collection Clearing House)[11]
Philippine Identification System2019–20202020[11][109]
Road Transport Information Technology Infrastructure project Phase I (LTO IT)2022[11][107]
Safe Philippines Project Phase 1November 2019May 2022[11][110][111][112]

Health

ProjectConstructionStatusCompletion DateRef.
Virology Science and Technology Institute of the Philippines[11][113]

Impact

As of July 2021, 214 airport projects, 451 commercial social and tourism port projects, 29,264 kilometers (18,184 mi) of roads, 5,950 bridges, 11,340 flood control projects, 11,340 evacuation centers, and 150,149 classrooms had been completed under the infrastructure program.[114][115] The numbers cited include newly built infrastructure, and projects involving the repair, rehabilitation, widening, and expansion of existing infrastructure.[116]

By April 28, 2022, two months before Duterte left office, 12 out of 119 infrastructure flagship projects (IFP) under the Build Build Build program have been completed.[117] Government officials emphasized that despite the low completion rate of IFPs, the Duterte administration had consistently spent more on infrastructure than past administrations.[117] The remaining projects will be passed on to future administrations for completion and consideration.[117]

The Philippine Daily Inquirer, citing a study from Pantheon Macroeconomics, wrote that "the Duterte administration had failed to achieve its ambitious spending targets despite having rolled out more infrastructure projects under the BBB program", citing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic which affected infrastructure spending in 2020 as large portions of the budget had been reallocated to COVID-19 response efforts.[118]

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