Bipolar nebula

A bipolar nebula is a type of nebula characterized by two lobes either side of a central star. About 10–20% of planetary nebulae are bipolar.^[1]

Formation

Though the exact causes of this nebular structure are not known, it is often thought to imply the presence of a binary central star with a period of a few days to a few years. As one of the two stars expelled its outer layers, the other disrupted the outflow of material to form the bipolar shape.^[2]

Examples

• Homunculus Nebula around Eta Carinae^[3][4][5][6]
• Hubble 5^[7]
• M2-9 – The Wings of a Butterfly Nebula^[8][9][10]
• OH231.8+4.2 – The Calabash Nebula or Rotten Egg Nebula^{[11][12][13][14]}
• Mz3 (or Menzel 3) – The Ant Nebula^[15][16][17]
• CRL 618 – The Westbrook Nebula^[18]
• CRL 2688 – The Egg Nebula^{[19][20][21][22]}
• HD 44179 – The Red Rectangle Nebula^[23][24][25]
• MyCn18 – The Engraved Hourglass Nebula^{[26][27][28][29][30]}
• – The Southern Crab Nebula^[31][32][33]
• The Boomerang Nebula^{[34][35][36][37][38]}
• NGC 2346 – Also known as the Butterfly Nebula^[39]
• NGC 6302 – The Bug or Butterfly Nebula^{[citation needed]}
• KjPn 8 Nebula – The largest (in angular size) bipolar planetary nebula.^[40]

References

1. ^ The Macquarie/AAO/Strasbourg Hα Planetary Nebula Catalogue: MASH, Parker et al. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 79
2. ^ Binary Progenitor Models for Bipolar Planetary Nebulae, Soker 1998, ApJ, 496, 833
3. ^ NewsCenter – Doomed Star Eta Carinae (06/10/1996) – Release Images. HubbleSite (10 June 1996). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
4. ^ "Eta Carinae Before Explosion". 12 July 1995. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
5. ^ "Doomed Star Eta Carinae". 26 March 2006. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
6. ^ Eta Carinae Nebula (NGC 3372). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
7. ^ HubbleSite – NewsCenter – Hubble Witnesses the Final Blaze of Glory of Sun-Like Stars(12/17/1997) – Release Images
8. ^ "M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula". 12 June 2005. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
9. ^ "The Butterfly Planetary Nebula". 21 October 1997. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
10. ^ Butterfly Nebula (M 2-9). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
11. ^ NewsCenter – The "Rotten Egg" Nebula: A Planetary Nebula in the Making (10/19/1999) – Introduction. HubbleSite (19 October 1999). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
12. ^ APOD: 1 November 1999 – The Rotten Egg Planetary Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1 November 1999). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
13. ^ "The Making of the Rotten Egg Nebula". 3 September 2001. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
14. ^ Calabash Nebula (OH231.8+4.2). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
15. ^ NewsCenter – Astro-Entomology? Ant-like Space Structure Previews Death of Our Sun (02/01/2001) – Introduction. HubbleSite (1 February 2001). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
16. ^ "Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula". 1 May 2005. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
17. ^ Ant Nebula (Menzel 3). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
18. ^ Tafoya, D.; Loinard, L.; Vlemmings, W.H.T.; Marti-Vidal, I.; Pech, G. (22 July 2013). "Rapid angular expansion of the ionized core of CRL 618". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 556: A35. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321704. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
19. ^ NewsCenter – Hubble Finds Searchlight Beams and Multiple Arcs around a Dying Star (01/16/1996) – Introduction. HubbleSite (16 January 1996). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
20. ^ "Shells in the Egg Nebula". 26 June 1999. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
21. ^ "The Egg Nebula in Polarized Light". 9 April 2003. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
22. ^ Egg Nebula (CRL 2688). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
23. ^ NewsCenter – Dying Star Sculpts Rungs of Gas and Dust (05/11/2004) – Release Images. HubbleSite (11 May 2004). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
24. ^ "Rungs of the Red Rectangle". 13 May 2004. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
25. ^ Red Rectangle. Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
26. ^ NewsCenter – Hubble Finds an Hourglass Nebula around a Dying Star (01/16/1996) – Release Images. HubbleSite (16 January 1996). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
27. ^ "MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula". 18 January 1996. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
28. ^ "MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula". 15 June 2002. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
29. ^ "The Eye of an Hourglass Nebula". 9 February 1996. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
30. ^ Hourglass Nebula (MyCn 18). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
31. ^ NewsCenter – Symbiotic Star Blows Bubbles into Space (08/24/1999) – Release Images. HubbleSite (24 August 1999). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
32. ^ "Symbiotic Star Bubbles". 31 August 1999. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
33. ^ Southern Crab Nebula (He2-104) Archived 9 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
34. ^ NewsCenter – Hubble Catches Scattered Light from the Boomerang Nebula (09/13/2005) – Release Images. HubbleSite (13 September 2005). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
35. ^ "The Boomerang Nebula in Polarized Light". 14 September 2005. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
36. ^ "Cold Wind from the Boomerang Nebula". 20 February 2003. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
37. ^ "Cold Wind From The Boomerang Nebula". 15 October 1997. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
38. ^ Boomerang Nebula. Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
39. ^ APOD: 28 October 2001 – NGC 2346: A Butterfly-Shaped Planetary Nebula
40. ^ López, J.A; Vazquez, R.; Rodriguez, L.F. (10 December 1995). "The discovery of a bipolar, rotating, episodic jet (BRET) in the planetary nebula KjPn 8". The Astrophysical Journal. 455: L63–L66. doi:10.1086/309801

See also

• Bipolar outflow
• Stellar evolution