Arp 299
SBm pec. / IBm pec.
EpochJ2000
Dist ly130 Mly
Z0.010
Appmag v11
Size v2.4 arcminute
Constellation nameUrsa Major
Notesinteracting galaxies
NamesIC 694, NGC 3690, VV 118, Mrk 171

Arp 299 (parts of it also known as IC 694 and NGC 3690) is a pair of colliding galaxies approximately 134 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. Both of the galaxies involved in the collision are barred irregular galaxies. NGC 3690 was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 18 March 1790.[1][2]

It is not completely clear which object is historically called IC 694. According to some sources, the small appendage more than an arcminute northwest of the main pair is actually IC 694, not the primary (eastern) companion.[3][4]

The interaction of the two galaxies in Arp 299 produced young powerful starburst regions similar to those seen in II Zw 96.[5]

Supernovae

Since 1992, fifteen supernovae have been detected in Arp 299:

HostDesignationTypeMagnitudeDiscovered byDateReferences
NGC 3690SN 1992buunknown16.6Van Buren et al.9 March 1992[6][7]
NGC 3690SN 1993GType II16.6Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS)5 March 1993[8][9]
NGC 3690SN 1998TType Ib15.4Beijing Astronomical Observatory3 March 1998[10][11]
NGC 3690SN 1999DType II15.6Beijing Astronomical Observatory16 January 1999[12][13]
NGC 3690SN 2018lrdType Ib17.132ATLAS10 January 2018[14]
NGC 3690AT 2018melUnknown18.0119Zwicky Transient Facility16 May 2018[15]
NGC 3690SN 2019lqoType II18.33Gaia Photometric Science Alerts21 July 2019[16]
NGC 3690SN 2020fkbType Ib17.828Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events (ALeRCE)28 March 2020[17]
NGC 3690SN 2022gnpType Ib17.72Zwicky Transient Facility5 April 2022[18]
NGC 3690SN 2023wrkType Ia18.1GOTO (telescope array)4 November 2023[19]
NGC 3690SN 2024gzkType IIb17.78E. Kankare et al.12 April 2024[20]
NGC 3690SN 2024agfqType IIn19.05E. Kankare et al.8 June 2024[21]
IC 694SN 2005UType II16.2S. Mattila et al.30 January 2005[22][23]
IC 694SN 2010OType Ib15.6Jack B. Newton and Tim Puckett24 January 2010[24][25][26][27]
IC 694SN 2010PType Ib/IIb18.3S. Mattila and E. Kankare23 January 2010[28][29][30]

See also

References

  1. ^ Herschel, W. (1802). "Catalogue of 500 New Nebulae, Nebulous Stars, Planetary Nebulae, and Clusters of Stars; with Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 92: 477–528. Bibcode:1802RSPT...92..477H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1802.0021
  2. ^ Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 3690". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Who is IC 694?". Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  4. ^ "SEDS: Revised IC Data for IC 694". Archived from the original on 2007-03-21. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
  5. ^ Goldader, Jeffrey D.; Goldader, Deborah L.; Joseph, R. D.; Doyon, Rene; Sanders, D. B. (May 1997). "Heavily Obscured Star Formation in the II ZW 96 Galaxy Merger". Astronomical Journal. 113: 1569–1579. Bibcode:1997AJ....113.1569G. doi:10.1086/118374
  6. ^ Van Buren, D.; Jarrett, T.; Terebey, S.; Beichman, C.; Shure, M.; Kaminski, C. (1994). "Supernova 1992bu in NGC 3690". International Astronomical Union Circular. ' (5960): 2. Bibcode:1994IAUC.5960....2V
  7. ^ "SN 1992bu". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  8. ^ Treffers, R. R.; Leibundgut, B.; Filippenko, A. V.; Richmond, M. W. (1993). "Supernova 1993G in NGC 3690". International Astronomical Union Circular. ' (5718): 1. Bibcode:1993IAUC.5718....1T
  9. ^ "SN 1993G". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  10. ^ Li, W.-D.; Li, C.; Wan, Z.; Lick Supernova Survey; Filippenko, A. V.; Moran, E. C. (1998). "Supernova 1998T in IC 694". International Astronomical Union Circular. ' (6830): 1. Bibcode:1998IAUC.6830....1L
  11. ^ "SN 1998T". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  12. ^ Qiu, Y. L.; Qiao, Q. Y.; Hu, J. Y.; Li, W.-D. (1999). "Supernova 1999D in NGC 3690". International Astronomical Union Circular. ' (7088): 2. Bibcode:1999IAUC.7088....2Q
  13. ^ "SN 1999D". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  14. ^ "SN 2018lrd". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  15. ^ "SN 2018mel". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  16. ^ "SN 2019lqo". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  17. ^ "SN 2020fkb". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  18. ^ "SN 2022gnp". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  19. ^ "SN 2023wrk". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  20. ^ "SN 2024gzk". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  21. ^ "SN 2024agfq". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  22. ^ Mattila, S.; Greimel, R.; Gerardy, C.; Meikle, W. P. S.; Monard, L. A. G.; Boles, T.; Pugh, H.; Graham, J.; Li, W. (2005). "Supernovae 2005Q, 2005R, 2005S, 2005T, 2005U". International Astronomical Union Circular. ' (8473): 1. Bibcode:2005IAUC.8473....1M
  23. ^ "SN 2005U". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  24. ^ Newton, J.; Puckett, T.; Orff, T. (2010). "Supernova 2010O in NGC 3690". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. ' (2144): 2. Bibcode:2010CBET.2144....2N
  25. ^ 2010O in NGC 3690 (David Bishop)
  26. ^ Kankare, E; Mattila, S; Ryder, S; Fraser, M; Pastorello, A; Elias-Rosa, N; Romero-Cañizales, C; Alberdi, A; Hentunen, V. -P; Herrero-Illana, R; Kotilainen, J; Pérez-Torres, M. -A; Väisänen, P (2014). "The nature of supernovae 2010O and 2010P in Arp 299 - I. Near-infrared and optical evolution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 440 (2): 1052. arXiv:1311.6408. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440.1052K. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2289. S2CID 118627973
  27. ^ "SN 2010O". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  28. ^ Mattila, S. & Kankare, E. (2010). "Supernova 2010P in Arp 299". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. ' (2145): 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2145....1M
  29. ^ Ryder, S.; Mattila, S.; Kankare, E.; Perez-Torres, M. (2010). "Supernova 2010P". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. ' (2189): 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2189....1R
  30. ^ "SN 2010P". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 21 February 2026.